PMID- 33348814
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240330
IS  - 2076-0817 (Print)
IS  - 2076-0817 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-0817 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 12
DP  - 2020 Dec 17
TI  - Differential Mortality and High Viral Load in Naive Pacific Oyster Families 
      Exposed to OsHV-1 Suggests Tolerance Rather than Resistance to Infection.
LID - 10.3390/pathogens9121057 [doi]
LID - 1057
AB  - Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, are one of the most productive aquaculture 
      species in the world. However, they are threatened by the spread of Ostreid 
      herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) and its microvariants (collectively "microvars"), which cause 
      mass mortalities in all life stages of Pacific oysters globally. Breeding 
      programs have been successful in reducing mortality due to OsHV-1 variants 
      following viral outbreaks; however, an OsHV-1-resistant oyster line does not yet 
      exist in the United States (US), and it is unknown how OsHV-1 microvars will affect 
      US oyster populations compared to the current variant, which is similar to the 
      OsHV-1 reference, found in Tomales Bay, CA. The goals of this study were to 
      investigate the resistance of C. gigas juveniles produced by the Molluscan 
      Broodstock Program (MBP) to three variants of OsHV-1: a California reference 
      OsHV-1, an Australian microvar, and a French microvar. This is the first study to 
      directly compare OsHV-1 microvars to a non-microvar. The survival probability of oysters 
      exposed to the French (FRA) or Australian (AUS) microvar was significantly lower (43% 
      and 71%, respectively) than to the reference variant and controls (96%). No 
      oyster family demonstrated resistance to all three OsHV-1 variants, and many 
      surviving oysters contained high copy numbers of viral DNA (mean ~3.53 x 10(8)). 
      These results indicate that the introduction of OsHV-1 microvars could have 
      substantial effects on US Pacific oyster aquaculture if truly resistant lines are 
      not achieved, and highlight the need to consider resistance to infection in 
      addition to survival as traits in breeding programs to reduce the risk of the 
      spread of OsHV-1 variants.
FAU - Agnew, M Victoria
AU  - Agnew MV
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0404-1355
AD  - Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland 
      Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
FAU - Friedman, Carolyn S
AU  - Friedman CS
AD  - School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 
      98195, USA.
FAU - Langdon, Christopher
AU  - Langdon C
AD  - Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, 
      Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
FAU - Divilov, Konstantin
AU  - Divilov K
AD  - Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, 
      Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
FAU - Schoolfield, Blaine
AU  - Schoolfield B
AD  - Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, 
      Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
FAU - Morga, Benjamin
AU  - Morga B
AD  - Ifremer, SG2M, LGPMM, 17390 La Tremblade, France.
FAU - Degremont, Lionel
AU  - Degremont L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6759-6791
AD  - Ifremer, SG2M, LGPMM, 17390 La Tremblade, France.
FAU - Dhar, Arun K
AU  - Dhar AK
AD  - Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical 
      Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
FAU - Kirkland, Peter
AU  - Kirkland P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8026-4185
AD  - NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, 
      Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia.
FAU - Dumbauld, Brett
AU  - Dumbauld B
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0113-4791
AD  - Hatfield Marine Science Center, USDA-ARS, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
FAU - Burge, Colleen A
AU  - Burge CA
AD  - Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland 
      Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2072-31000-004-00D/U.S. Department of Agriculture/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201217
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Pathogens
JT  - Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101596317
PMC - PMC7766980
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - OsHV-1
OT  - oyster
OT  - qPCR
OT  - tolerance
OT  - virulence
OT  - virus
OT  - microvars
COIS- The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, 
      or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision 
      to publish the results.
EDAT- 2020/12/23 06:00
MHDA- 2020/12/23 06:01
PMCR- 2020/12/17
CRDT- 2020/12/22 01:04
PHST- 2020/11/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/12/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/12/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/12/22 01:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/12/23 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/12/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - pathogens9121057 [pii]
AID - pathogens-09-01057 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/pathogens9121057 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Pathogens. 2020 Dec 17;9(12):1057. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9121057.