PMID- 33362842
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231110
IS  - 1664-462X (Print)
IS  - 1664-462X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-462X (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2020
TI  - Priming by Timing: Arabidopsis thaliana Adjusts Its Priming Response to 
      Lepidoptera Eggs to the Time of Larval Hatching.
PG  - 619589
LID - 10.3389/fpls.2020.619589 [doi]
LID - 619589
AB  - Plants can respond to eggs laid by herbivorous insects on their leaves by 
      preparing (priming) their defense against the hatching larvae. Egg-mediated 
      priming of defense is known for several plant species, including Brassicaceae. 
      However, it is unknown yet for how long the eggs need to remain on a plant until 
      a primed defense state is reached, which is ecologically manifested by reduced 
      performance of the hatching larvae. To address this question, we used Arabidopsis 
      thaliana, which carried eggs of the butterfly Pieris brassicae for 1-6 days prior 
      to exposure to larval feeding. Our results show that larvae gained less biomass 
      the longer the eggs had previously been on the plant. The strongest priming 
      effect was obtained when eggs had been on the plant for 5 or 6 days, i.e., for 
      (almost) the entire development time of the Pieris embryo inside the egg until 
      larval hatching. Transcript levels of priming-responsive genes, levels of 
      jasmonic acid-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and of the egg-inducible phytoalexin camalexin 
      increased with the egg exposure time. Larval performance studies on mutant plants 
      revealed that camalexin is dispensable for anti-herbivore defense against P. 
      brassicae larvae, whereas JA-Ile - in concert with egg-induced salicylic acid 
      (SA) - seems to be important for signaling egg-mediated primed defense. Thus, A. 
      thaliana adjusts the kinetics of its egg-primed response to the time point of 
      larval hatching. Hence, the plant is optimally prepared just in time prior to 
      larval hatching.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Valsamakis, Bittner, Fatouros, Kunze, Hilker and Lortzing.
FAU - Valsamakis, Georgios
AU  - Valsamakis G
AD  - Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universitat Berlin, 
      Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Bittner, Norbert
AU  - Bittner N
AD  - Applied Genetics, Institute of Biology, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, 
      Germany.
FAU - Fatouros, Nina E
AU  - Fatouros NE
AD  - Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.
FAU - Kunze, Reinhard
AU  - Kunze R
AD  - Applied Genetics, Institute of Biology, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, 
      Germany.
FAU - Hilker, Monika
AU  - Hilker M
AD  - Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universitat Berlin, 
      Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Lortzing, Vivien
AU  - Lortzing V
AD  - Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universitat Berlin, 
      Berlin, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201209
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Plant Sci
JT  - Frontiers in plant science
JID - 101568200
PMC - PMC7755604
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Brassicaceae
OT  - Lepidoptera
OT  - PR genes
OT  - insect eggs
OT  - plant defense
OT  - priming
OT  - salicylic acid
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/12/29 06:00
MHDA- 2020/12/29 06:01
PMCR- 2020/01/01
CRDT- 2020/12/28 11:56
PHST- 2020/10/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/12/28 11:56 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/12/29 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fpls.2020.619589 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Plant Sci. 2020 Dec 9;11:619589. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.619589. eCollection 
      2020.