PMID- 33369066
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210308
LR  - 20211217
IS  - 1751-7176 (Electronic)
IS  - 1524-6175 (Print)
IS  - 1524-6175 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 2
DP  - 2021 Feb
TI  - Independent and combined effects of hypertension and diabetes on clinical 
      outcomes in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study of Huoshen 
      Mountain Hospital and Guanggu Fangcang Shelter Hospital.
PG  - 218-231
LID - 10.1111/jch.14146 [doi]
AB  - It is widely recognized that hypertension is one of the major risk factor for 
      disease severity and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 
      (COVID-19). However, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension are 
      frequent comorbid conditions, complicating the assessment of hypertension's 
      individual contribution to the risk. The aims of this study were to evaluate the 
      contributions of hypertension alone, T2DM alone, or their combination to the risk 
      of death, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/respiratory failure, and 
      severe COVID-19 infection. Additionally, we assessed risks associated with 
      elevated blood pressure and fasting blood glucose on the same three clinical 
      outcomes. Multivariate logistic models were used for these analyses. Among the 
      3400 patients, 3327(97.9%) survived and 73(2.1%) died. Compared to patients 
      having neither hypertension nor T2DM (n = 1392), the risk of mortality was 
      significantly higher in patients with T2DM alone (n = 226, OR 5.26 [95% CI: 
      2.39-11.58]) or with T2DM in combination with hypertension (n = 507, OR 3.02, 
      [95% CI: 1.48-6.15]). Similarly, T2DM was a risk factor for development of 
      ARDS/respiratory failure and severe infection. Hypertension alone (n = 1275) only 
      conferred additional risk for the development of severe infection (OR 1.22 [95% 
      CI: 1.00-1.51]). In conclusion, neither hypertension nor elevated blood pressure 
      was independent risk factors for death or ARDS/respiratory failure but 
      hypertension marginally increased the risk of severe COVID-19 infection. The risk 
      associated with hypertension is accentuated through its confounding effect on 
      T2DM.
CI  - (c) 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension published by Wiley 
      Periodicals LLC.
FAU - Sun, Yuhui
AU  - Sun Y
AD  - Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine of Chronic Heart Failure, Beijing, 
      China.
AD  - Translational Medicine Research Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 
      China.
AD  - Bio-Engineering Research Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
FAU - Guan, Xizhou
AU  - Guan X
AD  - Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 
      Beijing, China.
FAU - Jia, Lijing
AU  - Jia L
AD  - Department of Emergency Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
FAU - Xing, Ning
AU  - Xing N
AD  - Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
FAU - Cheng, Liuquan
AU  - Cheng L
AD  - Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
FAU - Liu, Bo
AU  - Liu B
AD  - Guanggu Fangcang Shelter Hospital, Wuhan, China.
FAU - Zhang, Sibing
AU  - Zhang S
AD  - Huoshen Mountain Hospital, Wuhan, China.
FAU - He, Kunlun
AU  - He K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3335-5700
AD  - Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine of Chronic Heart Failure, Beijing, 
      China.
AD  - Translational Medicine Research Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 
      China.
AD  - Bio-Engineering Research Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Observational Study
DEP - 20201225
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)
JT  - Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)
JID - 100888554
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
SB  - IM
CIN - J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2021 Feb;23(2):232-234. PMID: 33368990
CIN - J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2021 Feb;23(2):235-237. PMID: 33369012
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Blood Glucose/analysis
MH  - COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology/*mortality/virology
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - China/epidemiology
MH  - Comorbidity
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications/diagnosis
MH  - Fasting/blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypertension/*complications/diagnosis/physiopathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Outcome Assessment, Health Care
MH  - Respiratory Distress Syndrome/epidemiology/etiology/*mortality
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - SARS-CoV-2/genetics
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
PMC - PMC8029850
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - blood glucose
OT  - blood pressure
OT  - hypertension
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/12/29 06:00
MHDA- 2021/03/09 06:00
PMCR- 2020/12/25
CRDT- 2020/12/28 12:40
PHST- 2020/09/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/11/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/12/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/03/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/12/28 12:40 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JCH14146 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/jch.14146 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2021 Feb;23(2):218-231. doi: 10.1111/jch.14146. 
      Epub 2020 Dec 25.