PMID- 33383553
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210706
LR  - 20210706
IS  - 1873-2534 (Electronic)
IS  - 0165-2427 (Linking)
VI  - 232
DP  - 2021 Feb
TI  - Immune responses induced by inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory 
      syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in neonatal pigs using different adjuvants.
PG  - 110170
LID - S0165-2427(20)30196-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110170 [doi]
AB  - Vaccination of neonatal pigs could be supportive to prevent porcine reproductive 
      and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which is an important porcine pathogen 
      causing worldwide welfare and health problems in pigs of different age classes. 
      However, neonatal immunity substantially differs to adults, thus different 
      vaccines may be required in neonateal pigs. We examined if the immunogenicity and 
      efficacy of inactivated PRRSV (iPRRSV) vaccines in neonatal pigs could be 
      improved with adjuvants containing oil-in water (O/W) emulsions with or without 
      Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and by altering the delivery route from 
      intramuscular (i.m.) to the skin. Three-day-old PRRSV-naive piglets (n = 54, 
      divided in 6 groups) received a prime vaccination and a booster vaccination four 
      weeks later. The vaccine formulations consisted of different O/W emulsions 
      (Montanide ISA28RVG (ISA28)), a squalene in water emulsion (SWE) for i.m. or a 
      Stable Emulsion (SE) with squalene for skin vaccination) and/or a mixture of 
      TLR1/2, 7/8 and 9 agonists (TLRa) combined with iPRRSV strain 07V063. These 
      vaccines were delivered either i.m. (ISA28, SWE, TLRa or SWE + TLRa) or into the 
      skin (skiSE + TLRa) with dissolving microneedle (DMN)-patches. All animals 
      received a challenge with homologous PRRSV three weeks after booster vaccination. 
      Specific antibodies, IFN-gamma production and viremia were measured at several 
      time-points after vaccination and/or challenge, while lung pathology was studied 
      at necropsy. After booster vaccination, only ISA28 induced a specific antibody 
      response while a specific T-cell IFN-gamma response was generated in the SWE group, 
      that was lower for ISA28, and absent in the other groups. This suggests that 
      prime vaccination in neonates induced a specific immune response after booster 
      vaccination, dependent on the emulsion formulation, but not dependent on the 
      presence of the TLRa or delivery route. Despite the measured immune responses 
      none of the vaccines showed any efficacy. Further research focused on the early 
      immune response in draining lymph nodes is needed to elucidate the potential of 
      TLR agonists in vaccines for neonatal pigs.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Vreman, Sandra
AU  - Vreman S
AD  - Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 
      29703, 2502 LS, The Hague, the Netherlands. Electronic address: 
      sandra.vreman@wur.nl.
FAU - Stockhofe-Zurwieden, Norbert
AU  - Stockhofe-Zurwieden N
AD  - Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 
      29703, 2502 LS, The Hague, the Netherlands.
FAU - Popma-de Graaf, Ditta J
AU  - Popma-de Graaf DJ
AD  - Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 
      29703, 2502 LS, The Hague, the Netherlands.
FAU - Savelkoul, Huub F J
AU  - Savelkoul HFJ
AD  - Cell Biology & Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research P.O. Box 338, 
      6700 HA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
FAU - Barnier-Quer, C
AU  - Barnier-Quer C
AD  - Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
FAU - Collin, N
AU  - Collin N
AD  - Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
FAU - Collins, Damien
AU  - Collins D
AD  - Xeolas, Pharmaceuticals, Dublin, Ireland.
FAU - McDaid, Dennis
AU  - McDaid D
AD  - Xeolas, Pharmaceuticals, Dublin, Ireland.
FAU - Moore, Anne C
AU  - Moore AC
AD  - School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy, University College 
      Cork, Cork, Ireland.
FAU - Rebel, Johanna M J
AU  - Rebel JMJ
AD  - Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary
DEP - 20201215
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vet Immunol Immunopathol
JT  - Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
JID - 8002006
RN  - 0 (Adjuvants, Immunologic)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Vaccines, Inactivated)
RN  - 0 (Viral Vaccines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adjuvants, Immunologic/*pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Newborn
MH  - Cytokines/blood
MH  - Immunity, Cellular
MH  - *Immunogenicity, Vaccine
MH  - Lung/pathology
MH  - Lymphocytes/immunology
MH  - Male
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/immunology/pathology/*prevention & 
      control
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*immunology
MH  - Swine
MH  - Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
MH  - Viral Vaccines/*immunology
MH  - Viremia/veterinary
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adjuvant
OT  - Neonatal pig
OT  - PRRSV
OT  - Skin vaccination
OT  - Toll-like receptor agonist
EDAT- 2021/01/01 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/07 06:00
CRDT- 2020/12/31 20:17
PHST- 2019/10/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/12/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/12/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/12/31 20:17 [entrez]
AID - S0165-2427(20)30196-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110170 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2021 Feb;232:110170. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110170. 
      Epub 2020 Dec 15.