PMID- 33385310 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20220506 IS - 1939-3539 (Electronic) IS - 0098-5589 (Linking) VI - 44 IP - 6 DP - 2022 Jun TI - PRIMAL-GMM: PaRametrIc MAnifold Learning of Gaussian Mixture Models. PG - 3197-3211 LID - 10.1109/TPAMI.2020.3048727 [doi] AB - We propose a ParametRIc MAnifold Learning (PRIMAL) algorithm for Gaussian mixtures models (GMM), assuming that GMMs lie on or near to a manifold of probability distributions that is generated from a low-dimensional hierarchical latent space through parametric mappings. Inspired by principal component analysis (PCA), the generative processes for priors, means and covariance matrices are modeled by their respective latent space and parametric mapping. Then, the dependencies between latent spaces are captured by a hierarchical latent space by a linear or kernelized mapping. The function parameters and hierarchical latent space are learned by minimizing the reconstruction error between ground-truth GMMs and manifold-generated GMMs, measured by Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD). Variational approximation is employed to handle the intractable KLD between GMMs and a variational EM algorithm is derived to optimize the objective function. Experiments on synthetic data, flow cytometry analysis, eye-fixation analysis and topic models show that PRIMAL learns a continuous and interpretable manifold of GMM distributions and achieves a minimum reconstruction error. FAU - Liu, Ziquan AU - Liu Z FAU - Yu, Lei AU - Yu L FAU - Hsiao, Janet H AU - Hsiao JH FAU - Chan, Antoni B AU - Chan AB LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220505 PL - United States TA - IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell JT - IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence JID - 9885960 SB - IM EDAT- 2021/01/02 06:00 MHDA- 2021/01/02 06:01 CRDT- 2021/01/01 17:02 PHST- 2021/01/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/01/02 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/01/01 17:02 [entrez] AID - 10.1109/TPAMI.2020.3048727 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 2022 Jun;44(6):3197-3211. doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2020.3048727. Epub 2022 May 5.