PMID- 33385660
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210205
LR  - 20210205
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 764
DP  - 2021 Apr 10
TI  - Prenatal exposure to barium and the occurrence of neural tube defects in 
      offspring.
PG  - 144245
LID - S0048-9697(20)37776-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144245 [doi]
AB  - Neural tube defects (NTDs) have a complex etiology. Few studies have assessed 
      alkaline earth metals exposures and occurrence of NTDs. We examined the 
      association between prenatal exposure to magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium 
      (Sr) and barium (Ba) and risk for NTDs in a case-control study, and assessed the 
      teratogenic effects of Ba on mice. Placentas were collected from 408 women with 
      NTD-affected pregnancies and 593 women who delivered healthy infants, and 
      concentrations of these metals were determined as prenatal exposure markers. The 
      single effect of individual exposure and joint effect of coexposure to these 
      metals were evaluated with logistic regression and Bayesian kernel machine 
      regression (BKMR), respectively. Barium chloride (BaCl(2)) was intragastrically 
      administered to pregnant ICR mice and fetal mice were examined for NTDs. Median 
      concentrations of Mg and Ba were higher in NTD cases than in controls 
      (P(all) < 0.001). In logistic regression, higher levels of Ba were associated 
      with 1.6-fold increased risk for NTDs (95% confidence interval: 1.06-2.43). In 
      BKMR, the joint effect of the four-metal mixture on NTD risk increased steadily 
      with the levels of the mixture. A change in Ba concentration from the 25(th) to 
      75(th) percentile displayed a risk effect when the other three metals were fixed 
      at the 25(th), 50(th) or 75(th) percentile, while such a change in Ca 
      concentration showed a protective effect when the other metals were held at the 
      25(th) or 50(th) percentile. No interactions among metals were found. In the 
      mouse experiment, dams treated with 200 mg/kg BaCl(2) showed 16.8% of NTDs in 
      fetal mice, compared to 2.6% in the untreated control group (P < 0.01). Taken 
      together, higher mixture levels of the four alkaline earth metals were associated 
      with increased risk for NTDs, with Ba being the major contributor for the joint 
      effect. Intragastric administration of Ba can induce NTDs in mice.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Wang, Chengrong
AU  - Wang C
AD  - Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 
      China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive 
      Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking 
      University, Beijing, China.
FAU - Pi, Xin
AU  - Pi X
AD  - Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, 
      National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, 
      Beijing, China; Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of 
      Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
FAU - Chen, Yongyan
AU  - Chen Y
AD  - Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, 
      National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, 
      Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public 
      Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
FAU - Wang, Di
AU  - Wang D
AD  - Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, 
      National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, 
      Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public 
      Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
FAU - Yin, Shengju
AU  - Yin S
AD  - Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, 
      National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, 
      Beijing, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 
      Peking University, Beijing, China.
FAU - Jin, Lei
AU  - Jin L
AD  - Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, 
      National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, 
      Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public 
      Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
FAU - Li, Zhiwen
AU  - Li Z
AD  - Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, 
      National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, 
      Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public 
      Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
FAU - Ren, Aiguo
AU  - Ren A
AD  - Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 
      China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive 
      Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking 
      University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School 
      of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: 
      renag@bjmu.edu.cn.
FAU - Wang, Linlin
AU  - Wang L
AD  - Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, 
      National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, 
      Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public 
      Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: 
      linlinwang@bjmu.edu.cn.
FAU - Yin, Chenghong
AU  - Yin C
AD  - Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 
      China. Electronic address: yinchh@ccmu.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201224
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 24GP945V5T (Barium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Barium/toxicity
MH  - Bayes Theorem
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred ICR
MH  - *Neural Tube Defects/chemically induced/epidemiology
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alkaline earth metal
OT  - Barium
OT  - Bayesian kernel machine regression
OT  - ICR mice
OT  - Mixture effect
OT  - Neural tube defects
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2021/01/02 06:00
MHDA- 2021/02/07 06:00
CRDT- 2021/01/01 20:09
PHST- 2020/09/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/11/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/02/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/01 20:09 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(20)37776-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144245 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2021 Apr 10;764:144245. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144245. 
      Epub 2020 Dec 24.