PMID- 33388674
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210203
LR  - 20210203
IS  - 1873-6424 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-7491 (Linking)
VI  - 271
DP  - 2021 Feb 15
TI  - High levels of organochlorine pesticides in drinking water as a risk factor for 
      type 2 diabetes: A study in north India.
PG  - 116287
LID - S0269-7491(20)36976-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116287 [doi]
AB  - Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are well known synthetic pesticides widely used 
      in agricultural practices and public health program. Higher toxicity, slow 
      degradation, and bioaccumulation are the significant challenges of OCPs. Due to 
      its uses in agricultural and public health, contamination of drinking water and 
      water table also increases day by day. Contaminated drinking water has become a 
      significant issue and alarming signal for public health globally. The purpose of 
      this study was to assess the recent trend of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) 
      level in drinking water and blood samples of the North Indian population and also 
      to find out its association with glucose intolerance, lipid metabolism, and 
      insulin resistance, which are known risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus 
      (T2DM). A case-control study was conducted on 130 Non-Glucose intolerance (NGT), 
      130 pre-diabetes and 130 recently diagnosed T2DM subjects of the age group of 
      30-70 years. Patients consuming drinking water from the same source for at least 
      ten years were included in this study for blood and water samples collection. 
      Significantly higher levels of alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, p,p'-DDE, and o,p'-DDT were 
      found in groundwater samples. However, in tap water samples, the level of alpha-HCH 
      was found to be slightly higher than the permissible limit of 0.001. Among all 
      recruited subjects consuming contaminated groundwater, 42% had T2DM, 38% 
      pre-diabetes, and the remaining 20% were found normal. We also observed that OCP 
      contamination in groundwater is higher than tap and filter water. The levels of 
      beta-HCH, p,p'-DDE, and o,p'-DDT were higher in the pre-diabetes and T2DM group than 
      the NGT group. With an increase of OCPs level in groundwater, the blood OCPs 
      level tends to increase T2DM risk. It depicts that the elevated OCPs level in 
      consumed groundwater may contribute to increased risk for the development of T2DM 
      after a certain period of exposure.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Tyagi, Shipra
AU  - Tyagi S
AD  - Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, 
      110007, India.
FAU - Siddarth, Manushi
AU  - Siddarth M
AD  - Multidisciplinary Research Unit and Central Research Laboratory, Department of 
      Biochemistry, UCMS (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India.
FAU - Mishra, Brijesh Kumar
AU  - Mishra BK
AD  - Department of Endocrinology, UCMS (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 
      110095, India.
FAU - Banerjee, Basu Dev
AU  - Banerjee BD
AD  - Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of 
      Biochemistry, UCMS (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India. 
      Electronic address: banerjeebd@hotmail.com.
FAU - Urfi, Abdul Jamil
AU  - Urfi AJ
AD  - Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, 
      110007, India.
FAU - Madhu, Sri Venkata
AU  - Madhu SV
AD  - Department of Endocrinology, UCMS (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 
      110095, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201221
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Pollut
JT  - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
JID - 8804476
RN  - 0 (Drinking Water)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
MH  - *Drinking Water
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Pesticides/analysis
MH  - Risk Factors
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Diabetes
OT  - Drinking water
OT  - Filter water
OT  - Glucose tolerance
OT  - Groundwater
OT  - Insulin resistance
OT  - OCPs
OT  - Pre-diabetes
OT  - T2DM
OT  - Tap water
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2021/01/04 06:00
MHDA- 2021/02/04 06:00
CRDT- 2021/01/03 20:33
PHST- 2020/08/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/12/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/12/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/02/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/03 20:33 [entrez]
AID - S0269-7491(20)36976-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116287 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Pollut. 2021 Feb 15;271:116287. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116287. Epub 
      2020 Dec 21.