PMID- 33397240
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220124
LR  - 20220124
IS  - 1875-6417 (Electronic)
IS  - 1573-3998 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022
TI  - Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as a Biomarker of Obese Pre-diabetes and Type 2 
      Diabetes Mellitus in Indian Subjects: A Case-control Study.
PG  - e010321189862
LID - 10.2174/1573399817666210104101739 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an ever-growing epidemic in India 
      and poses significant morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burden. 
      INTRODUCTION: Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) is a stress-responsive 
      cytokine, increased in T2DM patients compared to control subjects without the 
      disease. We aimed to assess whether serum GDF15 and adipose tissue GDF15 
      expression can differentiate between obese pre-diabetes and T2DM and control 
      populations. METHODOLOGY: We recruited 156 individuals including 73 type 2 
      diabetes, 30 pre-diabetes, and 53 healthy controls. Clinical history, 
      anthropometric measurements and biochemical profiling were taken. Insulin 
      resistance indices were calculated following HOMA models. Serum GDF15 was 
      measured by sandwich ELISA. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) expression of GDF15 was 
      observed in 17 T2DM patients and 29 controls using SYBR Green chemistry in RT-PCR 
      using GAPDH as the housekeeping gene. The data were analyzed on R programming 
      platform using RStudio. RESULTS: Serum GDF15 was significantly higher (p<0.001) 
      in T2DM subjects (median 1445.47 pg/mL) compared to pre-diabetes (627.85 pg/mL) 
      and healthy controls (609.01 pg/mL). Using the DeltaDeltaCt method, the VAT GDF15 
      expression was 1.54 fold and 1.57 fold upregulated in T2DM (n=17) compared to 
      control subjects (n=29), and obese (n=12) compared to non-obese (n=34)subjects, 
      respectively. The optimal cut-off point following Youden's index method was found 
      to be 868.09 pg/mL. ROC curve analysis revealed that serum GDF15 had a 
      sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of 90.41%, 79.52%, and 
      0.892 respectively. GDF15 levels were significantly associated with age, BMI, 
      HbA1c, fasting blood sugar, and insulin resistance indices. CONCLUSION: Hence, 
      serum GDF15 is a biomarker for T2DM patients in our study population from Western 
      India. However, larger prospective cohorts are necessary to validate this claim.
CI  - Copyright(c) Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at 
      epub@benthamscience.net.
FAU - Roy, Dipayan
AU  - Roy D
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan,India.
FAU - Purohit, Purvi
AU  - Purohit P
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
FAU - Modi, Anupama
AU  - Modi A
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan,India.
FAU - Khokhar, Manoj
AU  - Khokhar M
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan,India.
FAU - Shukla, Ravindra Kumar Gayaprasad
AU  - Shukla RKG
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan,India.
FAU - Chaudhary, Ramkaran
AU  - Chaudhary R
AD  - Department of General Surgery, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan,India.
FAU - Sankanagoudar, Shrimanjunath
AU  - Sankanagoudar S
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan,India.
FAU - Sharma, Praveen
AU  - Sharma P
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan,India.
LA  - eng
GR  - AIIMS/RES/2018/1923, AIIMS/IEC/2018/636/All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, 
      AIIMS, JODHPUR Intramural funding/
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Curr Diabetes Rev
JT  - Current diabetes reviews
JID - 101253260
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/diagnosis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Obesity/complications
MH  - *Prediabetic State/complications/diagnosis
MH  - Prospective Studies
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - GDF15
OT  - MIC-1
OT  - biomarker
OT  - cutpointr
OT  - obesity
OT  - type 2 diabetes
OT  - visceral adipose tissue
EDAT- 2021/01/06 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/27 06:00
CRDT- 2021/01/05 05:38
PHST- 2020/07/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/10/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/11/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/05 05:38 [entrez]
AID - CDR-EPUB-112991 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/1573399817666210104101739 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Diabetes Rev. 2022;18(1):e010321189862. doi: 
      10.2174/1573399817666210104101739.