PMID- 33400069 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211005 LR - 20211005 IS - 1573-7365 (Electronic) IS - 0885-7490 (Linking) VI - 36 IP - 2 DP - 2021 Feb TI - Animal models of gestational diabetes: characteristics and consequences to the brain and behavior of the offspring. PG - 199-204 LID - 10.1007/s11011-020-00661-9 [doi] AB - Gestational diabetes (GD) is the glucose intolerance that occurs during pregnancy. Mothers who develop diabetes during gestation are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) later in life, and the risk of adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes are also increased as a function of maternal hyperglycemia. Infants who are exposed to fetal hyperglycemia show an increased risk of becoming obese and developing T2DM later in life. Due to the need of new research on this field, and the difficulty of performing studies in human brain, studies using experimental models are necessary to suggest possible ways to avoid or inhibit offspring brain damage or harmful metabolic alterations. Here, it was made a review about the characteristics of the main animal models of GD, and what are the consequences to the brain and behavior of the offspring. In many experimental models, either by pharmacological induction, diet manipulation, or in the use of transgenic animals, glycemic conditions are severe. S961, a selective insulin receptor antagonist, revealed an increased fasting blood glucose level and glucose intolerance during mid-gestation, which returned to basal levels postpartum in mice. GD contributes to offspring neuroinflammation, influences neuronal distribution in central nervous system (CNS), and apoptosis during embryogenesis, which in turn may contribute to changes in behavior and memory in adult life and aging. The usage of animal models to study GD allows to examine extensively the characteristics of this condition, the molecular mechanisms involved and the consequences to the brain and behavior of the offspring. FAU - De Sousa, Ricardo Augusto Leoni AU - De Sousa RAL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2622-032X AD - School of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. ricardoaugustoleonidesousa@gmail.com. AD - Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), Brazilian Society of Physiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil. ricardoaugustoleonidesousa@gmail.com. AD - Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociencias e Exercicio - GENE), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. ricardoaugustoleonidesousa@gmail.com. AD - Laboratorio de Treinamento Fisico (LETFIS), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, n degrees 5000 - CEP 39100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil. ricardoaugustoleonidesousa@gmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20210105 PL - United States TA - Metab Brain Dis JT - Metabolic brain disease JID - 8610370 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Behavior, Animal/*physiology MH - Blood Glucose/*metabolism MH - Cognition/*physiology MH - Diabetes, Gestational/*metabolism MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Female MH - Glucose Intolerance/metabolism MH - Pregnancy MH - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/*metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cognitive function OT - Diabetes OT - Memory OT - Mood disorder OT - Pregnancy EDAT- 2021/01/06 06:00 MHDA- 2021/10/06 06:00 CRDT- 2021/01/05 12:16 PHST- 2020/10/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/12/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/01/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/10/06 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/01/05 12:16 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s11011-020-00661-9 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s11011-020-00661-9 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Metab Brain Dis. 2021 Feb;36(2):199-204. doi: 10.1007/s11011-020-00661-9. Epub 2021 Jan 5.