PMID- 33407470
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210701
LR  - 20210701
IS  - 1746-6148 (Electronic)
IS  - 1746-6148 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Jan 6
TI  - Respiratory viral infections drive different lung cytokine profiles in pigs.
PG  - 5
LID - 10.1186/s12917-020-02722-8 [doi]
LID - 5
AB  - BACKGROUND: Swine influenza A virus (IAV) and porcine reproductive and 
      respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are considered key viral pathogens involved in 
      the porcine respiratory disease complex. Concerning the effect of one virus on 
      another with respect to local immune response is still very limited. 
      Determination of presence and quantity of cytokines in the lung tissue and its 
      relation to the lung pathology can lead to a better understanding of the host 
      inflammatory response and its influence on the lung pathology during single or 
      multi-virus infection. The aim of the present study was to explore and compare 
      the patterns of lung cytokine protein response in pigs after single or dual 
      infection with swine IAV and/or PRRSV. RESULTS: Inoculation with IAV alone causes 
      an increase in lung concentration of IFN-alpha, IFN-ɣ, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, 
      especially at 2 and 4 DPI. In PRRSV group, beyond early IFN-alpha, IFN-ɣ, IL-6, IL-8 
      and IL-10 induction, elevated levels of cytokines at 10 and 21 DPI have been 
      found. In IAV+PRRSV inoculated pigs the lung concentrations of all cytokines were 
      higher than in control pigs. CONCLUSIONS: Current results indicate that 
      experimental infection of pigs with IAV or PRRSV alone and co-infection with both 
      pathogens induce different kinetics of local cytokine response. Due to strong 
      positive correlation between local TNF-alpha and IL-10 concentration and lung 
      pathology, we hypothesize that these cytokines are involved in the induction of 
      lung lesions during investigates infection. Nevertheless, no apparent increase in 
      lung cytokine response was seen in pigs co-inoculated simultaneously with both 
      pathogens compared to single inoculated groups. It may also explain no 
      significant effect of co-infection on the lung pathology and pathogen load, 
      compared to single infections. Strong correlation between local concentration of 
      TNF-alpha, IFN-ɣ, IL-8 and SwH1N1 load in the lung, as well as TNF-alpha, IL-8 and PRRSV 
      lung titres suggested that local replication of both viruses also influenced the 
      local cytokine response during infection.
FAU - Turlewicz-Podbielska, Hanna
AU  - Turlewicz-Podbielska H
AD  - Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary 
      Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 
      60-637, Poznan, Poland.
FAU - Czyzewska-Dors, Ewelina
AU  - Czyzewska-Dors E
AD  - Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 
      57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland.
FAU - Pomorska-Mol, Malgorzata
AU  - Pomorska-Mol M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2220-2730
AD  - Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary 
      Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 
      60-637, Poznan, Poland. malgorzata.pomorska@up.poznan.pl.
LA  - eng
GR  - DEC-2014/13/B/NZ6/02566/Narodowe Centrum Nauki/
GR  - 506.514.05.00/Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyzszego/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210106
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Vet Res
JT  - BMC veterinary research
JID - 101249759
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 130068-27-8 (Interleukin-10)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Coinfection/immunology/veterinary
MH  - Cytokines/*immunology
MH  - Interleukin-10/immunology
MH  - Lung/*immunology
MH  - Orthomyxoviridae Infections/*immunology
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/*immunology
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus
MH  - Swine
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
PMC - PMC7786461
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Co-infection
OT  - Cytokine
OT  - Local immunity
OT  - Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
OT  - Swine influenza A virus
COIS- The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the 
      publication of this paper.
EDAT- 2021/01/08 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/02 06:00
PMCR- 2021/01/06
CRDT- 2021/01/07 05:46
PHST- 2020/11/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/12/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/07 05:46 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/01/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12917-020-02722-8 [pii]
AID - 2722 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12917-020-02722-8 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Vet Res. 2021 Jan 6;17(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02722-8.