PMID- 33419098 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210913 LR - 20210913 IS - 1422-0067 (Electronic) IS - 1422-0067 (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 2 DP - 2021 Jan 6 TI - Green Synthesis of Chromium Oxide Nanoparticles for Antibacterial, Antioxidant Anticancer, and Biocompatibility Activities. LID - 10.3390/ijms22020502 [doi] LID - 502 AB - This study deals with the green synthesis of chromium oxide (Cr(2)O(3)) nanoparticles using a leaf extract of Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet as a reducing and capping agent. Different characterization techniques were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction technique confirmed the purity and crystallinity of the Cr(2)O(3) nanoparticles. The average size of the nanoparticles ranged from 17 to 42 nm. The antibacterial activity of the green synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against four different bacterial strains, E. coli, S. aureus, B. bronchiseptica, and B. subtilis using agar well diffusion and a live/dead staining assay. The anticancer activities were determined against Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cancer cells using MTT and a live/dead staining assay. Antioxidant activity was investigated in the linoleic acid system. Moreover, the cytobiocompatibility was analyzed against the Vero cell lines using MTT and a live/dead staining assay. The results demonstrated that the green synthesized Cr(2)O(3) nanoparticles exhibited superior antibacterial activity in terms of zones of inhibition (ZOIs) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria compared to plant extracts and chemically synthesized Cr(2)O(3) nanoparticles (commercial), but comparable to the standard drug (Leflox). The green synthesized Cr(2)O(3) nanoparticles exhibited significant anticancer and antioxidant activities against MCF-7 cancerous cells and the linoleic acid system, respectively, compared to chemically synthesized Cr(2)O(3) nanoparticles. Moreover, cytobiocompatibility analysis displayed that they presented excellent biocompatibility with Vero cell lines than that of chemically synthesized Cr(2)O(3) nanoparticles. These results suggest that the green synthesized Cr(2)O(3) nanoparticles' enhanced biological activities might be attributed to a synergetic effect. Hence, green synthesized Cr(2)O(3) nanoparticles could prove to be promising candidates for future biomedical applications. FAU - Khan, Shakeel Ahmad AU - Khan SA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0967-3079 AD - Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, 999077 Kowloon, Hong Kong. FAU - Shahid, Sammia AU - Shahid S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7525-1881 AD - Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan. FAU - Hanif, Sadaf AU - Hanif S AD - Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan. FAU - Almoallim, Hesham S AU - Almoallim HS AD - Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box-60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Alharbi, Sulaiman Ali AU - Alharbi SA AD - Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box-2455, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Sellami, Hanen AU - Sellami H AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5479-1707 AD - Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects, Water Research and Technologies Center (CERTE), Borj-Cedria Technopark, University of Carthage, Soliman 8020, Tunisia. LA - eng GR - RSP-2020/283/This research was funded by King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia./ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210106 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Mol Sci JT - International journal of molecular sciences JID - 101092791 RN - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) RN - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Biocompatible Materials) RN - 0 (Chromium Compounds) RN - 7BHJ7466GL (chromium dioxide) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis/*chemistry/pharmacology MH - Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis/*chemistry/pharmacology MH - Antioxidants/chemical synthesis/*chemistry/pharmacology MH - Bacteria/classification/drug effects MH - Biocompatible Materials/chemical synthesis/*chemistry/pharmacology MH - Cell Survival/drug effects MH - Chlorocebus aethiops MH - Chromium Compounds/*chemistry MH - Green Chemistry Technology/methods MH - Humans MH - MCF-7 Cells MH - Metal Nanoparticles/*chemistry/ultrastructure MH - Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods MH - Microscopy, Electron MH - Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects MH - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared MH - Vero Cells MH - X-Ray Diffraction PMC - PMC7825427 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet OT - Cr2O3 OT - antibacterial OT - anticancer OT - antioxidant OT - biocompatibility OT - green synthesis COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/01/10 06:00 MHDA- 2021/09/14 06:00 PMCR- 2021/01/06 CRDT- 2021/01/09 01:01 PHST- 2020/12/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/12/31 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/01/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/01/09 01:01 [entrez] PHST- 2021/01/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/09/14 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/01/06 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijms22020502 [pii] AID - ijms-22-00502 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijms22020502 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 6;22(2):502. doi: 10.3390/ijms22020502.