PMID- 33423223
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210326
LR  - 20210326
IS  - 1940-6029 (Electronic)
IS  - 1064-3745 (Linking)
VI  - 2240
DP  - 2021
TI  - Skin Sensitization Tests: The LLNA and the RhE IL-18 Potency Assay.
PG  - 13-29
LID - 10.1007/978-1-0716-1091-6_2 [doi]
AB  - Contact allergy is of considerable importance to the toxicologist, and regulatory 
      authorities worldwide require testing for skin sensitization potential and 
      appropriate hazard labeling to enable management of the risk to human health. 
      Although traditionally the identification of skin-sensitizing chemicals has been 
      carried out using animal models, in Europe legislative changes have promoted, and 
      now require, the use of non-animal methods (i.e., Cosmetic Directive, REACH). 
      Several in vitro alternatives for hazard identification have now been validated, 
      but do not provide information on the potency of a skin sensitizer. Here, we 
      describe an animal model, the local lymph node assay (LLNA), and an in vitro 
      model, the RhE IL-18 potency assay, in the context of the identification and 
      potency classification of skin sensitizers. These two assays have been chosen 
      among the different available tests as representative of an alternative in vivo 
      model (the LLNA) and a promising in vitro method with the potential of both 
      hazard identification and potency classification.
FAU - Corsini, Emanuela
AU  - Corsini E
AD  - Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, 
      Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. emanuela.corsini@unimi.it.
FAU - Gibbs, Sue
AU  - Gibbs S
AD  - Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Centre, ACTA, Amsterdam, The 
      Netherlands.
AD  - Department of Oral Cell Biology, ACTA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
FAU - Roggen, Erwin
AU  - Roggen E
AD  - 3Rs Management and Consultancy, Kobenhavn, Denmark.
FAU - Kimber, Ian
AU  - Kimber I
AD  - Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, 
      UK.
FAU - Basketter, David A
AU  - Basketter DA
AD  - DABMEB Consultancy Ltd, Bedfordshire, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Methods Mol Biol
JT  - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
JID - 9214969
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-18)
RN  - 0 (Irritants)
SB  - IM
MH  - Allergens/immunology/toxicity
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/diagnosis/*etiology/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interleukin-18/*immunology
MH  - Irritants/immunology/toxicity
MH  - Keratinocytes/drug effects/immunology
MH  - *Local Lymph Node Assay
MH  - Mice
MH  - Primary Cell Culture/methods
MH  - Skin Irritancy Tests/*methods
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Allergic contact dermatitis
OT  - Contact hypersensitivity
OT  - Cytokines
OT  - In vivo test
OT  - Local lymph node assay
OT  - Non-animal test
OT  - Skin
OT  - Skin sensitization
EDAT- 2021/01/11 06:00
MHDA- 2021/03/27 06:00
CRDT- 2021/01/10 20:51
PHST- 2021/01/10 20:51 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/01/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/03/27 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/978-1-0716-1091-6_2 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2240:13-29. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1091-6_2.