PMID- 33424722
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210112
IS  - 1664-1078 (Print)
IS  - 1664-1078 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-1078 (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2020
TI  - Affective Variables and Cognitive Performances During Exercise in a Group of 
      Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
PG  - 611558
LID - 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.611558 [doi]
LID - 611558
AB  - Previous research has documented that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is 
      associated with cognitive impairment. Psychological variables were repeatedly 
      investigated to understand why T2DM patients are poorly active, despite standards 
      of medical care recommends performing aerobic and resistance exercise regularly 
      and reducing the amount of time spent sitting. This exploratory study aims to 
      investigate how affective variables as thoughts, feelings, and individuals' stage 
      of exercise adoption can modulate low cognitive performances during an 
      experimental procedure based on exercise. The Exercise Thoughts Questionnaire 
      (ETQ), Exercise-Induced Feeling Scale (EFI), and Physical Activity Stage of 
      Change were administered to a sample of 12 T2DM patients. The Bivalent Shape Task 
      (BST) alone (BST), BST with exercise [control exercise recovery (CER) + BST], and 
      BST with metaboreflex [post-exercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) + BST] were used as 
      mental task, and response time to congruent, incongruent, and neutral stimuli was 
      recorded. Concomitant cerebral oxygenation (COX) was evaluated by near-infrared 
      spectroscopy (NIRS). As expected, T2DM patients performed significantly better 
      when the stimulus was presented in congruent trials (followed by neutral and 
      incongruent). In the CER + BST session, T2DM patients showed longer reaction time 
      to incongruent trials than in the PEMI + BST and BST alone sessions. Positive 
      feelings toward exercise seem to modulate cognitive performances in high 
      challenging task only if T2DM patients were conscious to play exercise. These 
      results could provide some insights for health intervention targeting exercise 
      for patients with T2DM in order to enhance cognitive performances.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Guicciardi, Fadda, Fanari, Doneddu and Crisafulli.
FAU - Guicciardi, Marco
AU  - Guicciardi M
AD  - Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 
      Cagliari, Italy.
FAU - Fadda, Daniela
AU  - Fadda D
AD  - Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 
      Cagliari, Italy.
FAU - Fanari, Rachele
AU  - Fanari R
AD  - Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 
      Cagliari, Italy.
FAU - Doneddu, Azzurra
AU  - Doneddu A
AD  - Sports Physiology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
FAU - Crisafulli, Antonio
AU  - Crisafulli A
AD  - Sports Physiology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201223
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Psychol
JT  - Frontiers in psychology
JID - 101550902
PMC - PMC7785934
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - attentional task
OT  - cognitive impairment
OT  - exercise
OT  - near-infrared spectroscopy
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/01/12 06:00
MHDA- 2021/01/12 06:01
PMCR- 2020/12/23
CRDT- 2021/01/11 05:36
PHST- 2020/09/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/11 05:36 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/01/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/12 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/12/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.611558 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 23;11:611558. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.611558. eCollection 
      2020.