PMID- 33429134
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210816
LR  - 20210816
IS  - 1873-1716 (Electronic)
IS  - 0167-5877 (Linking)
VI  - 188
DP  - 2021 Mar
TI  - Adapting a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) oral fluid 
      antibody ELISA to routine surveillance.
PG  - 105250
LID - S0167-5877(20)30934-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105250 [doi]
AB  - Distinct from tests used in diagnostics, tests used in surveillance must provide 
      for detection while avoiding false alarms, i.e., acceptable diagnostic 
      sensitivity but high diagnostic specificity. In the case of the reproductive and 
      respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), RNA detection meets these requirements during 
      the period of viremia, but antibody detection better meets these requirements in 
      the post-viremic stage of the infection. Using the manufacturer's recommended 
      cut-off (S/P >/= 0.4), the diagnostic specificity of a PRRSV oral fluid antibody 
      ELISA (IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME, USA) evaluated in this study was 
      previously reported as >/= 97 %. The aim of this study was to improve its use in 
      surveillance by identifying a cut-off that would increase diagnostic specificity 
      yet minimally impact its diagnostic sensitivity. Three sample sets were used to 
      achieve this goal: oral fluids (n = 596) from pigs vaccinated with a modified 
      live PRRSV vaccine under experimental conditions, field oral fluids (n = 1574) 
      from 94 production sites of known negative status, and field oral fluids (n = 
      1380) from 211 sites of unknown PRRSV status. Based on the analysis of samples of 
      known status (experimental samples and field samples from negative sites), a 
      cut-off of S/P >/= 1.0 resulted in a diagnostic specificity of 99.2 (95 % CI: 98.8, 
      99.7) and a diagnostic sensitivity of 96.5 (95 % CI: 85.2, 99.2). Among 211 sites 
      of unknown status, 81 sites were classified as antibody positive using the 
      manufacturer's cut-off; 20 of which were reclassified as negative using a cut-off 
      of S/P >/= 1.0. Further analysis showed that these 20 sites had a small proportion 
      of samples (18.0 %) with S/P values just exceeding the manufacturer's cut-off (x̄ 
      = 0.5). Whereas the remainder of positive sites (n = 61) had a high proportion of 
      samples (76.3 %) with high S/P values (x̄ = 6.6). Thus, the manufacturer's 
      cut-off (S/P >/= 0.4) is appropriate for diagnostic applications, but a cut-off of 
      S/P >/= 1.0 provided the higher specificity required for surveillance. A previously 
      unreported finding in this study was a statistically significant association 
      between unexpected reactors and specific production sites and animal ages or 
      stages. While beyond the scope of this study, these data suggested that certain 
      animal husbandry or production practices may be associated with non-specific 
      reactions.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Henao-Diaz, Alexandra
AU  - Henao-Diaz A
AD  - Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State 
      University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
FAU - Zhang, Min
AU  - Zhang M
AD  - Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State 
      University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
FAU - Gimenez-Lirola, Luis
AU  - Gimenez-Lirola L
AD  - Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State 
      University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
FAU - Ramirez, Esteban
AU  - Ramirez E
AD  - Grupo Porcicola Mexicano Keken. Merida, Yucatan, 97100, Mexico.
FAU - Gauger, Phil
AU  - Gauger P
AD  - Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State 
      University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
FAU - Baum, David H
AU  - Baum DH
AD  - Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State 
      University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
FAU - Clavijo, Maria J
AU  - Clavijo MJ
AD  - Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State 
      University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA; PIC North America, 100 Bluegrass Commons Blvd. 
      Ste. 2200, Hendersonville, TN, 37075, USA.
FAU - Rotolo, Marisa
AU  - Rotolo M
AD  - PIC North America, 100 Bluegrass Commons Blvd. Ste. 2200, Hendersonville, TN, 
      37075, USA.
FAU - Main, Rodger G
AU  - Main RG
AD  - Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State 
      University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
FAU - Zimmerman, Jeffrey
AU  - Zimmerman J
AD  - Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State 
      University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. Electronic address: jjzimm@iastate.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210102
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Prev Vet Med
JT  - Preventive veterinary medicine
JID - 8217463
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/*immunology
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods/*veterinary
MH  - Epidemiological Monitoring/*veterinary
MH  - Population Surveillance/methods
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/*prevention & control
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*immunology
MH  - Sus scrofa
MH  - Swine
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Antibody
OT  - Diagnostic specificity
OT  - Nonspecific reactors
OT  - Oral fluids
OT  - PRRSV
OT  - Surveillance
EDAT- 2021/01/12 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/17 06:00
CRDT- 2021/01/11 20:11
PHST- 2020/08/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/12/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/12/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/11 20:11 [entrez]
AID - S0167-5877(20)30934-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105250 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Prev Vet Med. 2021 Mar;188:105250. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105250. Epub 
      2021 Jan 2.