PMID- 33442805
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210514
LR  - 20210514
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 18
DP  - 2021 May
TI  - A study of the spatial distribution patterns of airborne polycyclic aromatic 
      hydrocarbons in crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) in Ilulissat, Greenland.
PG  - 23133-23142
LID - 10.1007/s11356-021-12365-3 [doi]
AB  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced by anthropogenic activities, 
      such as traffic and domestic heating. Due to their adverse effects to humans and 
      natural habitats, the presence of PAHs in the environment needs to be monitored. 
      Plants are known as natural accumulators of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 
      and can therefore be used for the monitoring of PAHs emitted into the 
      environment. Contamination by PAHs also occurs in the Arctic such as Greenland 
      due to long-range transport through air. However, as anthropogenic activities in 
      the Arctic are increasing, there is a need to investigate the distribution of 
      PAHs due to local emission sources. In this study, we present a systematic 
      sampling approach to identify the influence of PAH sources in an area next to the 
      town of Ilulissat in Greenland. Composite crowberry samples have been collected 
      north of Ilulissat, where the town itself, an incineration site and Ilulissat 
      airport are possible emission sources for PAHs. Matrix solid-phase extraction was 
      used for the extraction of PAHs and the chemical analysis was performed by gas 
      chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS). In total, 18 out of 19 
      investigated PAHs could be detected in Empetrum nigrum in a concentration range 
      of 0.69 to 93.01 mug/kg(dry weight). Higher concentrations for most of the 
      targeted PAHs were found close to the suspected emission sources and also along 
      the road connecting them. For pyrene, the correlation between the concentration 
      and the distance from the emission sources could be modelled and visualized using 
      a two-dimensional exponential variogram and ordinary kriging. The range in which 
      the samples were spatially correlated was approximately 500 m. Our results show 
      that local emission sources contribute to the spatial distribution patterns of 
      PAHs. Monitoring of pollution by airborne PAHs is therefore needed even in areas 
      far from major pollution sources such as Ilulissat, Greenland. E. nigrum showed 
      to be a feasible species for biomonitoring of PAHs due to its large abundance in 
      the sampling area and its widespread availability in the Artic region.
FAU - Kronik, Oskar Munk
AU  - Kronik OM
AD  - Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 
      Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
FAU - Prothmann, Jens
AU  - Prothmann J
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. 
      Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden.
FAU - Troche, Gaudry
AU  - Troche G
AD  - Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 
      Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
FAU - Svensmark, Bo
AU  - Svensmark B
AD  - Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 
      Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
FAU - Nielsen, Nikoline Juul
AU  - Nielsen NJ
AD  - Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 
      Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
FAU - Christensen, Jan H
AU  - Christensen JH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1414-1886
AD  - Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 
      Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. jch@plen.ku.dk.
LA  - eng
GR  - 5150-00008B/Innovationsfonden (DK)/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210113
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Air Pollutants/analysis
MH  - Cities
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Greenland
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Biomonitoring
OT  - Ilulissat
OT  - Kriging
OT  - Matrix solid-phase dispersion
OT  - PAHs
OT  - Variogram
EDAT- 2021/01/15 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/15 06:00
CRDT- 2021/01/14 05:49
PHST- 2020/09/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/14 05:49 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-021-12365-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-021-12365-3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 May;28(18):23133-23142. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-021-12365-3. Epub 2021 Jan 13.