PMID- 33451168
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210218
IS  - 2079-4991 (Print)
IS  - 2079-4991 (Electronic)
IS  - 2079-4991 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Jan 13
TI  - Synthesis of D-Limonene Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles with Enhanced 
      Antimicrobial Properties for Potential Application in Food Packaging.
LID - 10.3390/nano11010191 [doi]
LID - 191
AB  - Mini-emulsion polymerization was applied for the synthesis of cross-linked 
      polymeric nanoparticles comprised of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and Triethylene 
      Glycol Dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) copolymers, used as matrix-carriers for hosting 
      D-limonene. D-limonene was selected as a model essential oil, well known for its 
      pleasant odor and its enhanced antimicrobial properties. The synthesized 
      particles were assessed for their morphology and geometric characteristics by 
      Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which 
      revealed the formation of particles with mean diameters at the nanoscale (D[3,2] 
      = 0.135 mum), with a spherical shape, while the dried particles formed larger 
      clusters of several microns (D[3,2] = 80.69 mum). The percentage of the loaded 
      D-limonene was quantified by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), complemented by 
      Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis coupled with a pyrolysis unit 
      (Py/GC-MS). The results showed that the volatiles emitted by the nanoparticles 
      were composed mainly of D-limonene (10% w/w of dry particles). Particles 
      subjected to higher temperatures tended to decompose. The mechanism that governs 
      the release of D-limonene from the as-synthesized particles was studied by 
      fitting mathematical models to the release data obtained by isothermal TGA 
      analysis of the dry particles subjected to accelerated conditions. The analysis 
      revealed a two-stage release of the volatiles, one governed by D-limonene release 
      and the other governed by TEGDMA release. Finally, the antimicrobial potency of 
      the D-limonene-loaded particles was demonstrated, indicating the successful 
      synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles loaded with D-limonene, owing to enhanced 
      antimicrobial properties. The overall performance of these nanoparticles renders 
      them a promising candidate material for the formation of self-sterilized surfaces 
      with enhanced antimicrobial activity and potential application in food packaging.
FAU - Andriotis, Eleftherios G
AU  - Andriotis EG
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6812-1779
AD  - Laboratory of Polymer and Dyes Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, 
      Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
FAU - Papi, Rigini M
AU  - Papi RM
AD  - Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of 
      Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
FAU - Paraskevopoulou, Adamantini
AU  - Paraskevopoulou A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2771-7496
AD  - Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle 
      University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
FAU - Achilias, Dimitris S
AU  - Achilias DS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2872-8426
AD  - Laboratory of Polymer and Dyes Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, 
      Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210113
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Nanomaterials (Basel)
JT  - Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101610216
PMC - PMC7828745
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - D-limonene
OT  - antimicrobial properties
OT  - cross-linking
OT  - essential oils
OT  - mini-emulsion polymerization
OT  - nanoparticles
OT  - volatile release
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/01/17 06:00
MHDA- 2021/01/17 06:01
PMCR- 2021/01/13
CRDT- 2021/01/16 01:02
PHST- 2020/12/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/01/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/16 01:02 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/01/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/17 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - nano11010191 [pii]
AID - nanomaterials-11-00191 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/nano11010191 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Jan 13;11(1):191. doi: 10.3390/nano11010191.