PMID- 33465613
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210406
LR  - 20210406
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 272
DP  - 2021 Jun
TI  - Changes in soil and rat gut microbial diversity after long-term exposure to the 
      chiral fungicide epoxiconazole.
PG  - 129618
LID - S0045-6535(21)00088-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129618 [doi]
AB  - In previous articles, it was found that epoxiconazole enantiomers can persist for 
      a long time in the environment, causing severe environmental damage. Herein, we 
      investigated alterations in the soil microbial community and rat gut microbiota 
      after six weeks of treatment with rac-epoxiconazole or one of its enantiomers. 
      The selected concentrations were 1, 2, and 6 times greater than the maximum 
      residue limits (MRLs). The rat gut microbiota relative abundance in the feces 
      signi fi cantly changed following exposure to rac-epoxiconazole or one of its 
      enantiomers. At the phylum level, in the R,S-, S,R-epoxiconazole, and rac-treated 
      groups, Firmicutes presented the greatest decrease in abundance; however, 
      Spirochaetes presented the greatest increase in abundance in the rac- and 
      S,R-epoxiconazole-treated groups. In response to R,S-epoxiconazole, 
      Epsilonbacteraeota presented the greatest increase in abundance. In soil samples 
      treated with epoxiconazole, the relative abundance of the soil bacterial 
      community also changed. Proteobacteria presented the greatest decrease in 
      abundance in the S,R- and rac-treated samples. However, Firmicutes presented the 
      greatest increase in abundance. In the R,S-treated soil samples, the situation 
      was the opposite. In general, prolonged exposure to epoxiconazole at high 
      concentrations could initiate noticeable alterations in rat gut microbiota and 
      soil microbial diversity. R,S-epoxiconazole had improved bioactivity and less 
      toxic effects at relatively low concentrations. Therefore, we recommend using 
      R,S-epoxiconazole at a relatively low concentration, which is better for 
      environmental safety.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Kaziem, Amir E
AU  - Kaziem AE
AD  - Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing 
      Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green 
      Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China; Department of 
      Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Environmental Studies and 
      Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
FAU - He, Zongzhe
AU  - He Z
AD  - Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing 
      Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green 
      Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China.
FAU - Li, Lianshan
AU  - Li L
AD  - Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing 
      Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green 
      Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China.
FAU - Wen, Yong
AU  - Wen Y
AD  - Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing 
      Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green 
      Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China.
FAU - Wang, Zhen
AU  - Wang Z
AD  - Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing 
      Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green 
      Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China.
FAU - Gao, Yingying
AU  - Gao Y
AD  - Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing 
      Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green 
      Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China.
FAU - Wang, Minghua
AU  - Wang M
AD  - Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing 
      Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green 
      Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China. Electronic address: 
      wangmha@njau.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210111
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Epoxy Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Fungicides, Industrial)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
RN  - 0 (Triazoles)
RN  - U80T84L776 (epoxiconazole)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Epoxy Compounds/toxicity
MH  - *Fungicides, Industrial/analysis/toxicity
MH  - *Gastrointestinal Microbiome
MH  - Rats
MH  - Soil
MH  - Triazoles
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Enantiomers
OT  - Epoxiconazole
OT  - Gut microbiota
OT  - Soil bacterial diversity
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2021/01/20 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/07 06:00
CRDT- 2021/01/19 20:11
PHST- 2020/11/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/01/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/19 20:11 [entrez]
AID - S0045-6535(21)00088-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129618 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2021 Jun;272:129618. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129618. Epub 
      2021 Jan 11.