PMID- 33475936
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211109
LR  - 20211109
IS  - 1573-3602 (Electronic)
IS  - 1050-5350 (Linking)
VI  - 37
IP  - 4
DP  - 2021 Dec
TI  - Are Comorbid Disorders Associated with Changes in Gambling Activity? A 
      Longitudinal Study of Younger and Older Subjects with DSM-IV Pathological 
      Gambling.
PG  - 1219-1230
LID - 10.1007/s10899-021-10000-x [doi]
AB  - This study investigates the association of comorbid disorders with gambling 
      activity in a longitudinal follow-up study of younger and older adult subjects 
      with DSM-IV pathological gambling (PG). The subjects included 57 younger adults 
      with PG (>/= 18/ < 40 years) and 48 older adults with PG (>/= 60 years). Subjects 
      were assessed at baseline and every 6 months for a mean (SD) of 31.4 (13.1) 
      months. Comorbidity was assessed using a modification of the Longitudinal 
      Interval Follow-up Evaluation (LIFE). During follow-up, rates of problem severity 
      were highest for anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and impulse control 
      disorders. Among all subjects with PG, greater severity of depression or 
      posttraumatic stress disorder was associated with increased gambling activity. In 
      older subjects, greater severity of agoraphobia and social phobia were associated 
      with lowered gambling activity. In younger subjects, greater severity of any 
      substance use disorder, an alcohol use disorder, or compulsive computer use were 
      associated with lowered gambling activity. The latter findings provide 
      presumptive evidence for the substitute addiction hypothesis. We conclude that 
      increased severity of several comorbid disorders could serve as triggers for 
      increased gambling or predict lowered gambling activity. On the other hand, 
      certain comorbid disorders could be triggered by increased gambling activity. 
      Knowing these interrelationships is important to gaining a better understanding 
      of PG and its clinical management.
CI  - (c) 2021. This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the 
      U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply.
FAU - Black, Donald W
AU  - Black DW
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 
      2-126bMEB/Psychiatry Research, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. donald-black@uiowa.edu.
FAU - Allen, Jeff
AU  - Allen J
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 
      2-126bMEB/Psychiatry Research, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
FAU - Bormann, Nicolas L
AU  - Bormann NL
AD  - University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - RO1AG037132/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - RO1AG037132/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210121
PL  - United States
TA  - J Gambl Stud
JT  - Journal of gambling studies
JID - 9425991
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - *Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology
MH  - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - *Gambling/psychology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Addictions
OT  - Comorbidity
OT  - Follow-up study
OT  - Gambling disorder
OT  - Pathological gambling
OT  - Substitute addiction
EDAT- 2021/01/22 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/10 06:00
CRDT- 2021/01/21 12:21
PHST- 2021/01/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/21 12:21 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s10899-021-10000-x [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s10899-021-10000-x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Gambl Stud. 2021 Dec;37(4):1219-1230. doi: 10.1007/s10899-021-10000-x. Epub 
      2021 Jan 21.