PMID- 33482189 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210226 LR - 20210226 IS - 1879-0631 (Electronic) IS - 0024-3205 (Linking) VI - 269 DP - 2021 Mar 15 TI - Exercise and food supplement of vitamin C ameliorate hypertension through improvement of gut microflora in the spontaneously hypertensive rats. PG - 119097 LID - S0024-3205(21)00082-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119097 [doi] AB - AIMS: Exercise and food supplement of vitamin C (VC) are beneficial to human health, especially for those who suffer from hypertension. Here we tend to explore if gut microflora is involved in the anti-hypertensive effects of exercise and VC-supplement therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model, the small intestine pathology and the fecal microbiota was analyzed along with the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (PICs and AICs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and intestine. KEY FINDINGS: We found that both exercise and VC intake, individually or combined, were able to alleviate the blood pressure in the SHRs comparing to the normotensive control Wistar-kyoto (WKY) rats. The expression level of PICs in the PVN and intestine of the SHRs was down-regulated while the AICs were up-regulated after treatments, together with down-regulation of ROS in the PVN. At meantime, the gut pathology was dramatically improved in the SHRs with exercise training or VC intake. Analysis of the gut microflora revealed significant changes in their composition. Several important micro-organisms that were deficient in the SHRs were found up-regulated by the treatments, including Turicibacter and Romboutsia which are involved in the short-chain fatty acid production. SIGNIFICANCE: Exercise training and VC intake individually can modify the gut microflora composition and improve the inflammatory state in both PVN and intestine, which contribute to their anti-hypertensive function. Combination of the two treatments enhanced their effects and worth to be considered as a non-medical aid for the hypertensive patients. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Li, Ying AU - Li Y AD - Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China. Electronic address: lyinxian777@mail.xjtu.edu.cn. FAU - Zafar, Salman AU - Zafar S AD - Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China; University Institute of Physical Therapy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan. FAU - Salih Ibrahim, Rawya Mohamed AU - Salih Ibrahim RM AD - Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China. FAU - Chi, Hong-Li AU - Chi HL AD - Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China. FAU - Xiao, Tong AU - Xiao T AD - Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China. FAU - Xia, Wen-Jie AU - Xia WJ AD - Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China. FAU - Li, Hong-Bao AU - Li HB AD - Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China. Electronic address: hongbaoli1985@163.com. FAU - Kang, Yu-Ming AU - Kang YM AD - Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China. Electronic address: ykang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210119 PL - Netherlands TA - Life Sci JT - Life sciences JID - 0375521 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Cytokines) RN - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species) RN - PQ6CK8PD0R (Ascorbic Acid) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/*administration & dosage MH - Ascorbic Acid/*administration & dosage MH - Blood Pressure MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - Cytokines/metabolism MH - *Dietary Supplements MH - Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*drug effects MH - Hypertension/etiology/pathology/*prevention & control MH - Oxidative Stress MH - *Physical Conditioning, Animal MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Rats, Inbred WKY MH - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - Exercise OT - Gut microflora OT - Hypertension OT - Hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus OT - Vitamin C EDAT- 2021/01/23 06:00 MHDA- 2021/02/27 06:00 CRDT- 2021/01/22 20:09 PHST- 2020/10/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/01/04 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/01/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/01/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/02/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/01/22 20:09 [entrez] AID - S0024-3205(21)00082-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119097 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Life Sci. 2021 Mar 15;269:119097. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119097. Epub 2021 Jan 19.