PMID- 33486240
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240222
IS  - 1873-6424 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-7491 (Linking)
VI  - 273
DP  - 2021 Jan 15
TI  - Association of air pollution and greenness with carotid plaque: A prospective 
      cohort study in China.
PG  - 116514
LID - S0269-7491(21)00092-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116514 [doi]
AB  - Previous studies indicated that exposure to air pollution was associated with the 
      progress of atherosclerosis, but evidence is very limited in China and even in 
      the world. This study aims to assess the associations of long-term exposures to 
      air pollution and greenness with the occurrence of carotid plaque. Participants 
      of this cohort study were urban residents and office workers who visited Hebei 
      General Hospital for routine physical examination annually from September 2016 
      through to December 2018. Eligible participants were people diagnosed the absence 
      of carotid plaque clinically at their first hospital visit and were followed up 
      at their second or third hospital visit. Exposure to particulate matter with 
      aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 mum (PM(2.5)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and 
      ozone (O(3)) were estimated using an inverse distance weighted (IDW) method. The 
      level of greenness was assessed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index 
      (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). The associations were evaluated using 
      Cox proportional hazards regression models. Among 4,137 participants, 575 showed 
      the occurrence of carotid plaque during the follow-up period. After controlling 
      for potential confounders, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals 
      (95%CIs) of carotid plaque associated with per interquartile range (IQR) increase 
      in PM(2.5), NO(2), and O(3) were 1.78 (1.55, 2.03), 1.32 (1.14, 1.53) and 1.99 
      (1.71, 2.31), respectively. Increased EVI and NDVI were significantly associated 
      with lower risk of carotid plaque [HR (and 95%CI): 0.84 (0.77, 0.93) and 0.87 
      (0.80, 0.94)]. PM(2.5) significantly mediated 80.47% or 93.00% of the estimated 
      association between EVI or NDVI and carotid plaque. In light of the significant 
      associations between air pollution, greenness and carotid plaque in this study, 
      continued efforts are needed to curb air pollution and plan more green space 
      considering their effects on vascular disease.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Xie, Yinyu
AU  - Xie Y
AD  - Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 
      Hubei, China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
FAU - He, Weiliang
AU  - He W
AD  - Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
FAU - Zhang, Xiaoling
AU  - Zhang X
AD  - Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
FAU - Cui, Jian
AU  - Cui J
AD  - Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China; National Center 
      of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical 
      Sciences, Beijing, China.
FAU - Tian, Xiaochao
AU  - Tian X
AD  - Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 
      Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
FAU - Chen, Jiang
AU  - Chen J
AD  - School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 
      Hubei, China.
FAU - Zhang, Kaihua
AU  - Zhang K
AD  - Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; 
      Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
FAU - Li, Shanshan
AU  - Li S
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and 
      Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
FAU - Di, Niu
AU  - Di N
AD  - Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 
      Hubei, China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
FAU - Xiang, Hao
AU  - Xiang H
AD  - Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 
      Hubei, China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
FAU - Wang, Hebo
AU  - Wang H
AD  - Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; 
      Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
FAU - Chen, Gongbo
AU  - Chen G
AD  - Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 
      Hubei, China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. 
      Electronic address: chen.gongbo@whu.edu.cn.
FAU - Guo, Yuming
AU  - Guo Y
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and 
      Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210115
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Pollut
JT  - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
JID - 8804476
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Air pollution
OT  - Carotid plaque
OT  - Cohort study
OT  - Greenness
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2021/01/25 06:00
MHDA- 2021/01/25 06:01
CRDT- 2021/01/24 20:39
PHST- 2020/07/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/01/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/24 20:39 [entrez]
AID - S0269-7491(21)00092-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116514 [doi]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - Environ Pollut. 2021 Jan 15;273:116514. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116514.