PMID- 33499025
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210909
LR  - 20210909
IS  - 2072-6643 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6643 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 2
DP  - 2021 Jan 22
TI  - beta-Lactoglobulin Elevates Insulin and Glucagon Concentrations Compared with Whey 
      Protein-A Randomized Double-Blinded Crossover Trial in Patients with Type Two 
      Diabetes Mellitus.
LID - 10.3390/nu13020308 [doi]
LID - 308
AB  - Whey protein is an insulinotropic fraction of dairy that reduces postprandial 
      glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We have recently 
      shown that beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), the largest protein fraction of whey, elevates 
      insulin concentrations compared with iso-nitrogenous whey protein isolate (WPI) 
      in healthy individuals. We therefore hypothesized that BLG pre-meals would lower 
      glucose levels compared with WPI in patients with T2DM. We investigated 16 
      participants with T2DM using a randomized double-blinded cross-over design with 
      two pre-meal interventions, (i) 25 g BLG and (ii) 25 g WPI prior to an oral 
      glucose tolerance test (OGTT), followed by four days of continuous glucose 
      monitoring (CGM) at home. BLG increased concentrations of insulin with 10%, 
      glucagon with 20%, and glucose with 10% compared with WPI after the OGTT (all p < 
      0.05). Both BLG and WPI reduced the interstitial fluid (ISF) glucose 
      concentrations (using CGM) with 2 mM and lowered glycemic variability with 
      10-15%, compared with tap-water (p < 0.05), and WPI lowered the ISF glucose with 
      0.5 mM compared with BLG from 120 min and onwards (p < 0.05). In conclusion, BLG 
      pre-meals resulted in higher insulin, glucagon, and glucose concentrations 
      compared with WPI in participants with T2DM. Pre-meal servings of WPI remains the 
      most potent protein in terms of lowering postprandial glucose excursions.
FAU - Smedegaard, Stine B
AU  - Smedegaard SB
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0225-8809
AD  - Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, 8200 
      Aarhus, Denmark.
FAU - Mose, Maike
AU  - Mose M
AD  - Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, 8200 
      Aarhus, Denmark.
FAU - Hulman, Adam
AU  - Hulman A
AD  - Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, 8200 
      Aarhus, Denmark.
FAU - Mikkelsen, Ulla R
AU  - Mikkelsen UR
AD  - Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, Soenderhoej 10, 8260 Viby, Denmark.
FAU - Moller, Niels
AU  - Moller N
AD  - Department of Diabetes and Hormone Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle 
      Juul-Jensens Blv. 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
FAU - Wegener, Gregers
AU  - Wegener G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0081-0068
AD  - Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus 
      University, Noerrebrogade 44, Entrance 2B, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
AD  - Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, 11 
      Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa.
FAU - Jessen, Niels
AU  - Jessen N
AD  - Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, 8200 
      Aarhus, Denmark.
FAU - Rittig, Nikolaj
AU  - Rittig N
AD  - Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, 8200 
      Aarhus, Denmark.
AD  - Department of Diabetes and Hormone Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle 
      Juul-Jensens Blv. 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
LA  - eng
GR  - -/Arla Food Ingredients Group P/S, Soenderhoej 10-12, 8260 DK-Viby, CVR 
      33372116./
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20210122
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Nutrients
JT  - Nutrients
JID - 101521595
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (Lactoglobulins)
RN  - 0 (Whey Proteins)
RN  - 9007-92-5 (Glucagon)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Blood Glucose/*drug effects
MH  - Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*blood/*drug therapy
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Female
MH  - Glucagon/blood
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin/*blood
MH  - Lactoglobulins/*therapeutic use
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Postprandial Period
MH  - Whey Proteins
PMC - PMC7911205
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CGM
OT  - beta-lactoglobulin
OT  - glucose
OT  - glycemic variability
OT  - pre-meal
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
OT  - whey
COIS- The study was supported by Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S. U.R.M. is employed 
      as a nutrition research scientist at Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S. Arla Foods 
      amba, Soenderhoej 14, 8260 Viby J, Denmark, has a pending patent application 
      regarding BLG, with N.R., M.M., N.M., A.H., U.R.M., and S.B.S. as co-inventors. 
      N.R., M.M., N.J. and U.R.M. took initiative to and designed the study together. 
      U.R.M. and Arla Food Ingredients P/S had no role in the collection, analyses, or 
      interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to 
      publish the results.
EDAT- 2021/01/28 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/10 06:00
PMCR- 2021/01/22
CRDT- 2021/01/27 01:08
PHST- 2020/12/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/18 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/01/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/27 01:08 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/01/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - nu13020308 [pii]
AID - nutrients-13-00308 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/nu13020308 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nutrients. 2021 Jan 22;13(2):308. doi: 10.3390/nu13020308.