PMID- 33501144
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210129
IS  - 2296-9144 (Electronic)
IS  - 2296-9144 (Linking)
VI  - 6
DP  - 2019
TI  - A Compact Review of IPMC as Soft Actuator and Sensor: Current Trends, Challenges, 
      and Potential Solutions From Our Recent Work.
PG  - 129
LID - 10.3389/frobt.2019.00129 [doi]
LID - 129
AB  - Recently, attempts have been made to develop ionic polymer-metal composite 
      (IPMC), which is garnering growing interest for ionic artificial muscle, as a 
      soft actuator and sensor due to its inherent properties of low weight, 
      flexibility, softness, and particularly, its efficient transformation of 
      electrical energy into mechanical energy, with large bending strain response 
      under a low activation voltage. In this paper, we focused on several current 
      deficiencies of IPMC that restrict its application, such as non-standardized 
      preparation steps, relaxation under DC voltage, solvent evaporation, and poor 
      output force. Corresponding solutions to overcome the abovementioned problems 
      have recently been proposed from our point of view and developed through our 
      research. After a brief introduction to the working mechanism of IPMC, we here 
      investigate the key factors that influence the actuating performance of IPMC. We 
      also review the optimization strategies in IPMC actuation, including those for 
      preparation steps, additive selection for a thick casting membrane, solvent 
      substitutes, water content, encapsulation, etc. With consideration of the role of 
      the interface electrode, its effects on the performance of IPMC are revealed 
      based on our previous work. Finally, we also discuss IPMCs as potential sensors 
      theoretically and experimentally. The elimination of the deficiencies of IPMC 
      will promote its applications in soft robotics.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Hao, Wang, Zhu, He, Zhu and Luo.
FAU - Hao, Muyu
AU  - Hao M
AD  - School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, 
      China.
FAU - Wang, Yanjie
AU  - Wang Y
AD  - School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, 
      China.
AD  - Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Special Robot Technology, Hohai University, Changzhou, 
      China.
FAU - Zhu, Zicai
AU  - Zhu Z
AD  - Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Bionic Functional Materials, Nanjing 
      University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
FAU - He, Qingsong
AU  - He Q
AD  - School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
FAU - Zhu, Denglin
AU  - Zhu D
AD  - School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, 
      China.
AD  - Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Special Robot Technology, Hohai University, Changzhou, 
      China.
FAU - Luo, Minzhou
AU  - Luo M
AD  - School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, 
      China.
AD  - Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Special Robot Technology, Hohai University, Changzhou, 
      China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20191205
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Robot AI
JT  - Frontiers in robotics and AI
JID - 101749350
PMC - PMC7806037
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - IPMC
OT  - output force
OT  - relaxation effect
OT  - soft robotics
OT  - solvent evaporation
EDAT- 2019/12/05 00:00
MHDA- 2019/12/05 00:01
PMCR- 2019/12/05
CRDT- 2021/01/27 05:52
PHST- 2019/09/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/11/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/27 05:52 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/12/05 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/12/05 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/12/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/frobt.2019.00129 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Robot AI. 2019 Dec 5;6:129. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2019.00129. eCollection 
      2019.