PMID- 33502490
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210519
LR  - 20240404
IS  - 1526-4637 (Electronic)
IS  - 1526-2375 (Print)
IS  - 1526-2375 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 4
DP  - 2021 Apr 20
TI  - Diversity of Pain Medicine Trainees and Faculty in the United States: A 
      Cross-Sectional Analysis of Fellowship Training from 2009-2019.
PG  - 819-828
LID - 10.1093/pm/pnab004 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Diversity and equity in medicine remain pivotal to care delivery. Data 
      analysis on sex and racial diversity of pain medicine fellowship trainees and 
      faculty in the United States are scant. We sought to characterize demographic and 
      retention patterns among pain medicine fellows and faculty, who represent the 
      emerging chronic pain management workforce. DESIGN: cross-sectional retrospective 
      analysis. METHOD: We conducted an analysis of data from the American Association 
      of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and the United States Accreditation Council on 
      Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-approved residency and fellowship 
      training-programs for each year from 2009 through 2019, inclusively. We compared 
      changes in sex, racial/ethnicity composition and retention rates of fellows and 
      faculty in the United States by practice setting. RESULTS: From 2009 to 2019, 
      there was a 14% increase in the number of ACGME pain fellowship programs. From 
      2009 to 2019, the ratio of men to women pain fellows ranged from 5:1 to 3.7:1. 
      Compared with their self-identified White peers, Asian (OR 0.44; 95% CI: 
      0.34-0.58), Black (OR 0.46; 95% CI: 0.30-0.72), and Native American/Alaskan 
      Native (OR 0.26; 95% CI: 0.08-0.80) identifying individuals had significantly 
      lower odds of being a pain fellow, P < 0.05. There was no significant difference 
      in female (OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.148-1.09) and Black (OR 0.36; 95% CI: 0.11-1.12) 
      program-directors. Pain-fellow in-state retention was 53%. CONCLUSIONS: The 
      demographics of pain medicine training programs reflect a persistent male vs. 
      female gap with underrepresentation of racial minorities. Further research is 
      needed to elucidate reasons underlying these disparities.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the 
      American Academy of Pain Medicine.All rights reserved. For permissions, please 
      e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
FAU - Odonkor, Charles A
AU  - Odonkor CA
AD  - Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Division of Physiatry, Yale School 
      of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut.
FAU - Leitner, Brooks
AU  - Leitner B
AD  - Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, 
      Connecticut.
FAU - Taraben, Salam
AU  - Taraben S
AD  - Frank H. Netter School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut.
FAU - Adekoya, Peju
AU  - Adekoya P
AD  - Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Pain 
      Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
FAU - Orhurhu, Vwaire
AU  - Orhurhu V
AD  - Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Pain, 
      Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
FAU - Hirani, Salman
AU  - Hirani S
AD  - Department of Pain Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain 
      Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
FAU - Ike, Kenneth
AU  - Ike K
AD  - Department of Anesthesia, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of 
      Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
FAU - Lee, Roger
AU  - Lee R
AD  - Division of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Northern 
      California, Walnut, Creek, California.
FAU - Vanterpool, Stephanie
AU  - Vanterpool S
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of 
      Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee.
FAU - Goree, Johnathan H
AU  - Goree JH
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little 
      Rock, Arkansas.
FAU - Sully, Kate
AU  - Sully K
AD  - Integrated Rehab Consultants, Chicago, Illinois.
FAU - Poree, Lawrence
AU  - Poree L
AD  - Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 
      California, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - T32 GM007205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - England
TA  - Pain Med
JT  - Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)
JID - 100894201
SB  - IM
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - *Education, Medical, Graduate
MH  - Faculty
MH  - *Fellowships and Scholarships
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Pain
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - United States
PMC - PMC8599803
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Diversity
OT  - Faculty
OT  - Fellows
OT  - Pain Medicine
OT  - Race
OT  - Sex
EDAT- 2021/01/28 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/20 06:00
PMCR- 2021/01/27
CRDT- 2021/01/27 12:14
PHST- 2021/01/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/27 12:14 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/01/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 6121309 [pii]
AID - pnab004 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/pm/pnab004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pain Med. 2021 Apr 20;22(4):819-828. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnab004.