PMID- 33505159 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210211 LR - 20220420 IS - 1178-2013 (Electronic) IS - 1176-9114 (Print) IS - 1176-9114 (Linking) VI - 16 DP - 2021 TI - Decrease in Cellular Nanovesicles Concentration in Blood of Athletes More Than 15 Hours After Marathon. PG - 443-456 LID - 10.2147/IJN.S282200 [doi] AB - INTRODUCTION: Cellular nanovesicles (CNVs), that are shed from cells, have been recognized as promising indicators of health status. We analyzed the effect of long-distance running on concentration of CNVs, along with some standard blood parameters, in 27 athletes two days before and >15 hours after physical effort. METHODS: CNVs were isolated by repetitive centrifugation and washing of samples, and assessed by flow cytometry. Cholinesterase (ChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were measured spectrophotometrically. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured with immunoturbidimetric determination and lipidogram parameters were measured by enzymatic colorimetric assay. Flow cytometry was used for blood cell count and mean platelet volume (MPV) measurement. RESULTS: More than 15 hours after physical effort a decrease was found in CNVs' concentration in isolates from blood (46%; p<0.05), in ChE activity in whole blood (47%; p<0.001), in plasma (34%; p<0.01), and in erythrocyte suspension (54%; p<0.001), as well as in GST activity in erythrocyte suspension (16%; p<0.01) and in IL-6 concentration in plasma (63%; p<0.05). We found no change in GST activity in plasma and in TNF-alpha concentration in plasma. Correlations (>0.8; p<0.001) between CNVs' concentration and ChE activity, and GST activity, respectively, in erythrocyte suspension were found. CONCLUSION: We found that >15 hours post-physical effort, CNVs' concentration was below the initial value, concomitant with other measured parameters: ChE and GST activity as well as IL-6 concentration, indicating a favorable effect of physical effort on health status. CNVs' concentration and ChE activity in isolates from peripheral blood proved to have potential as indicators of the response of the human body to inflammation after physical effort. Physical activity should be considered as an important factor in preparation of subjects for blood sampling in procedures focusing on CNV-containing diagnostic and therapeutic compounds. CI - (c) 2021 Jan et al. FAU - Jan, Zala AU - Jan Z AD - Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. FAU - Drab, Mitja AU - Drab M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2481-7598 AD - Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. FAU - Drobne, Damjana AU - Drobne D AD - Nanobiology and Nanotoxicology Group, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. FAU - Bedina Zavec, Apolonija AU - Bedina Zavec A AD - Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia. FAU - Bencina, Mojca AU - Bencina M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3644-9948 AD - Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia. FAU - Drasler, Barbara AU - Drasler B AD - Nanobiology and Nanotoxicology Group, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. FAU - Hocevar, Matej AU - Hocevar M AD - Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Laboratory of Surface Engineering and Applied Surface Science, The Institute of Metals and Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia. FAU - Krek, Judita Lea AU - Krek JL AD - Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. FAU - Paden, Ljubisa AU - Paden L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1701-3070 AD - Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. FAU - Pajnic, Manca AU - Pajnic M AD - Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. FAU - Repar, Neza AU - Repar N AD - Nanobiology and Nanotoxicology Group, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. FAU - Simunic, Bostjan AU - Simunic B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1565-7833 AD - Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia. FAU - Stukelj, Roman AU - Stukelj R AD - Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. FAU - Kralj-Iglic, Veronika AU - Kralj-Iglic V AD - Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210120 PL - New Zealand TA - Int J Nanomedicine JT - International journal of nanomedicine JID - 101263847 RN - 0 (Interleukin-6) RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) RN - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - *Athletes MH - Blood/*metabolism MH - Blood Cell Count MH - C-Reactive Protein/analysis MH - Erythrocytes/metabolism MH - Female MH - Flow Cytometry MH - Humans MH - Interleukin-6/blood MH - Lipids/chemistry MH - Male MH - *Marathon Running MH - Middle Aged MH - Nanoparticles/*chemistry MH - Physical Exertion/physiology MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC7829122 OTO - NOTNLM OT - blood samples OT - cellular nanovesicles OT - inflammation process OT - marathon OT - membrane vesiculation OT - physical effort COIS- No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the authors. EDAT- 2021/01/29 06:00 MHDA- 2021/02/12 06:00 PMCR- 2021/01/20 CRDT- 2021/01/28 05:41 PHST- 2020/09/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/11/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/01/28 05:41 [entrez] PHST- 2021/01/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/02/12 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/01/20 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 282200 [pii] AID - 10.2147/IJN.S282200 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Nanomedicine. 2021 Jan 20;16:443-456. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S282200. eCollection 2021.