PMID- 33509417
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210728
LR  - 20210728
IS  - 1873-6483 (Electronic)
IS  - 0740-5472 (Linking)
VI  - 122
DP  - 2021 Mar
TI  - Treatment admissions for opioids, cocaine, and methamphetamines among adolescents 
      and emerging adults after legalization of recreational marijuana.
PG  - 108228
LID - S0740-5472(20)30485-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108228 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: A public health concern stemming from recreational marijuana 
      legalization (RML) is the idea that marijuana may act as a "gateway" drug among 
      youth and young adults, where growing marijuana use will lead to increasing 
      substance use disorder (SUD) for "harder" illicit drugs. This study investigates 
      whether SUD treatment admissions for cocaine, opioids, and methamphetamines 
      increased following RML enactment in Colorado and Washington for adolescents and 
      emerging adults. METHODS: We entered annual 2008-2017 treatment admissions data 
      from the SAMHSA Treatment Episode Dataset - Admissions (TEDS-A) into 
      difference-in-differences models to investigate whether the difference in 
      treatment admissions for cocaine, opioids, and methamphetamines among adolescents 
      (12-17), early emerging adults (18-20), and late emerging adults (21-24) before 
      versus after RML enactment differed between Colorado and Washington and states 
      without RML. RESULTS: There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) between 
      Colorado and Washington and other states in the pre- versus postlegalization 
      trajectories of SUD treatment admissions for cocaine, opioids, or 
      methamphetamines for adolescents (beta = -0.152, 95% CI = -0.500, 0.196; beta = -0.374, 
      95% CI = -1.188, 0.439; beta = 0.787, 95% CI = -0.511, 2.084, respectively), early 
      emerging adults (beta = -0.153, 95% CI = -0.762, 0.455; beta = 0.960, 95% CI = -4.771, 
      6.692; beta = 0.406, 95% CI = -2.232, 3.044, respectively) or late emerging adults 
      (beta = -0.347, 95% CI = -1.506, 0.812; beta = -4.417, 95% CI = -16.264, 7.431; 
      beta = 1.804, 95% CI = -2.315, 5.923, respectively). CONCLUSION: RML in Washington 
      and Colorado was not associated with an increase in adolescent or emerging adult 
      SUD treatment admissions for opioids, cocaine, or methamphetamines. Future 
      studies should extend this research to other states, other substances, for older 
      adults, and over longer time periods; and consider how the effects of drug 
      policies may differ across different jurisdictions.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Mennis, Jeremy
AU  - Mennis J
AD  - Department of Geography and Urban Studies, Temple University, 1115 Polett Walk, 
      308 Gladfelter Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States of America. Electronic 
      address: jmennis@temple.edu.
FAU - Stahler, Gerald J
AU  - Stahler GJ
AD  - Department of Geography and Urban Studies, Temple University, 1115 Polett Walk, 
      308 Gladfelter Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States of America. Electronic 
      address: jstahler@temple.edu.
FAU - Mason, Michael J
AU  - Mason MJ
AD  - Center for Behavioral Health Research, University of Tennessee, 1618 W. 
      Cumberland Ave, 201 Henson Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996-3332, United States of 
      America. Electronic address: mmason29@utk.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20201203
PL  - United States
TA  - J Subst Abuse Treat
JT  - Journal of substance abuse treatment
JID - 8500909
RN  - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Aged
MH  - Analgesics, Opioid
MH  - *Cannabis
MH  - *Cocaine/adverse effects
MH  - Colorado/epidemiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Marijuana Smoking
MH  - *Methamphetamine
MH  - Washington/epidemiology
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cannabis
OT  - Gateway drug
OT  - Legalization
OT  - Marijuana
OT  - Substance use disorder
OT  - Treatment
EDAT- 2021/01/30 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/29 06:00
CRDT- 2021/01/29 05:41
PHST- 2020/03/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/10/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/11/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/29 05:41 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/01/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/29 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0740-5472(20)30485-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108228 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Subst Abuse Treat. 2021 Mar;122:108228. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108228. Epub 
      2020 Dec 3.