PMID- 33514007
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210316
IS  - 2075-1729 (Print)
IS  - 2075-1729 (Electronic)
IS  - 2075-1729 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 2
DP  - 2021 Jan 27
TI  - Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: From Blood and 
      Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers to Treatment Approaches.
LID - 10.3390/life11020095 [doi]
LID - 95
AB  - Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) presents as an exaggerated 
      immune reaction that occurs during dysregulated immune restoration in 
      immunocompromised patients in late-stage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 
      infection who have commenced antiretroviral treatments (ART). Virtually any 
      opportunistic pathogen can provoke this type of immune restoration disorder. In 
      this review, we focus on recent developments in the identification of risk 
      factors for Cryptococcal IRIS and on advancements in our understanding of C-IRIS 
      immunopathogenesis. We overview new findings in blood and cerebrospinal fluid 
      which can potentially be useful in the prediction and diagnosis of cryptococcal 
      meningitis IRIS (CM-IRIS). We assess current therapeutic regimens and novel 
      treatment approaches to combat CM-IRIS. We discuss the utility of biomarkers for 
      clinical monitoring and adjusting treatment modalities in acquired 
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients co-infected with Cryptococcus who have 
      initiated ART.
FAU - Brienze, Vania Maria Sabadoto
AU  - Brienze VMS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1727-2710
AD  - Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto 
      (FAMERP), Sao Paulo 15090000, Brazil.
FAU - Andre, Julio Cesar
AU  - Andre JC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0549-4527
AD  - Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto 
      (FAMERP), Sao Paulo 15090000, Brazil.
FAU - Liso, Elisabete
AU  - Liso E
AD  - Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto 
      (FAMERP), Sao Paulo 15090000, Brazil.
FAU - Louis, Irina Vlasova-St
AU  - Louis IV
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - U01AI089244/University of Minnesota Foundation/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210127
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Life (Basel)
JT  - Life (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101580444
PMC - PMC7912256
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - AIDS/HIV
OT  - antiretroviral therapy (ART)
OT  - blood biomarkers
OT  - cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers
OT  - cryptococcal meningitis (CM)
OT  - immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)
COIS- No potential conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/01/31 06:00
MHDA- 2021/01/31 06:01
PMCR- 2021/01/27
CRDT- 2021/01/30 01:02
PHST- 2020/12/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/01/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/01/30 01:02 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/01/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/31 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - life11020095 [pii]
AID - life-11-00095 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/life11020095 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Life (Basel). 2021 Jan 27;11(2):95. doi: 10.3390/life11020095.