PMID- 33556410
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210625
LR  - 20210625
IS  - 1873-507X (Electronic)
IS  - 0031-9384 (Linking)
VI  - 233
DP  - 2021 May 1
TI  - Impact of saffron (Crocus Sativus Linn) supplementation and resistance training 
      on markers implicated in depression and happiness levels in untrained young 
      males.
PG  - 113352
LID - S0031-9384(21)00044-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113352 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the effects of six weeks of resistance training 
      (RT) combined with saffron supplementation on markers implicated in depression as 
      well as happiness levels in untrained young males. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 
      Untrained young male participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 
      RT + saffron supplement (RS; n = 14) or RT + placebo (RP; n = 14). For 6 weeks, 
      participants in the RS group took one 150 mg pill of pure saffron immediately 
      after each RT session and at the same time on non-training days. Those assigned 
      to the RP group took a dextrose pill. Concentrations of Anandamide (AEA), 
      2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), serotonin, dopamine, beta-endorphin (beta-endorphin), 
      tryptophan, happiness levels (via questionnaire), and body composition were 
      assessed before and after the 6 weeks of whole-body supervised RT (4x/week, 3 
      sets using 60-70% of 1-repetition maximum [1-RM]). RESULTS: AEA (0.5 ng/ml), 2-AG 
      (0.04 ng/ml), dopamine (0.7 ng/ml), and beta-endorphin (9.4 pg/ml) concentrations 
      significantly increased in the RS group (P<0.05) while no changes were detected 
      in the RP group. Serotonin (RS = 1.7 ng/mL and RP = 1 ng/mL) concentrations and 
      happiness levels significantly increased in both groups with greater changes in 
      RS group while tryptophan concentrations remained unchanged (P> 0.05). In 
      addition, both groups significantly increased muscular endurance with greater 
      changes in RS group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Six weeks of RT combined with saffron 
      supplementation improved AEA, 2-AG, dopamine, beta-endorphin, and serotonin 
      concentrations. Moreover, the addition of saffron supplement to chronic RT 
      results in greater improvements in happiness levels than RT alone.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.
FAU - Moghadam, Babak Hooshmand
AU  - Moghadam BH
AD  - Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; 
      Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Bagheri, Reza
AU  - Bagheri R
AD  - Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. 
      Electronic address: Will.fivb@yahoo.com.
FAU - Roozbeh, Behnam
AU  - Roozbeh B
AD  - Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
FAU - Ashtary-Larky, Damoon
AU  - Ashtary-Larky D
AD  - Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of 
      Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
FAU - Gaeini, Abbas Ali
AU  - Gaeini AA
AD  - Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Dutheil, Frederic
AU  - Dutheil F
AD  - Universite Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial 
      Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive 
      and Occupational Medicine, Witty Fit, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
FAU - Wong, Alexei
AU  - Wong A
AD  - Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, 
      United States. Electronic address: awong@marymount.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20210206
PL  - United States
TA  - Physiol Behav
JT  - Physiology & behavior
JID - 0151504
SB  - IM
MH  - *Crocus
MH  - Depression
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Happiness
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Resistance Training
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Body composition
OT  - Body fat percentage
OT  - Happiness
OT  - Resistance training
OT  - Saffron
EDAT- 2021/02/09 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/29 06:00
CRDT- 2021/02/08 20:11
PHST- 2020/09/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/12/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/02/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/02/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/08 20:11 [entrez]
AID - S0031-9384(21)00044-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113352 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Physiol Behav. 2021 May 1;233:113352. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113352. Epub 
      2021 Feb 6.