PMID- 33574795
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210603
LR  - 20210603
IS  - 1664-2392 (Print)
IS  - 1664-2392 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-2392 (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2020
TI  - Genetic and Epigenetic Causes of Pituitary Adenomas.
PG  - 596554
LID - 10.3389/fendo.2020.596554 [doi]
LID - 596554
AB  - Pituitary adenomas (PAs) can be classified as non-secreting adenomas, somatotroph 
      adenomas, corticotroph adenomas, lactotroph adenomas, and thyrotroph adenomas. 
      Substantial advances have been made in our knowledge of the pathobiology of PAs. 
      To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular biological 
      characteristics of different types of PAs, we reviewed the important advances 
      that have been made involving genetic and epigenetic variation, comprising 
      genetic mutations, chromosome number variations, DNA methylation, microRNA 
      regulation, and transcription factor regulation. Classical tumor predisposition 
      syndromes include multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and type 4 (MEN4) 
      syndromes, Carney complex, and X-LAG syndromes. PAs have also been described in 
      association with succinate dehydrogenase-related familial PA, neurofibromatosis 
      type 1, and von Hippel-Lindau, DICER1, and Lynch syndromes. Patients with aryl 
      hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) mutations often present with 
      pituitary gigantism, either in familial or sporadic adenomas. In contrast, 
      guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha (GNAS) and G 
      protein-coupled receptor 101 (GPR101) mutations can lead to excess growth 
      hormone. Moreover, the deubiquitinase gene USP8, USP48, and BRAF mutations are 
      associated with adrenocorticotropic hormone production. In this review, we 
      describe the genetic and epigenetic landscape of PAs and summarize novel insights 
      into the regulation of pituitary tumorigenesis.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Chang, Yang, Bao and Wang.
FAU - Chang, Mengqi
AU  - Chang M
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union 
      Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of 
      Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
FAU - Yang, Chengxian
AU  - Yang C
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union 
      Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of 
      Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
FAU - Bao, Xinjie
AU  - Bao X
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union 
      Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of 
      Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
FAU - Wang, Renzhi
AU  - Wang R
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union 
      Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of 
      Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210126
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
JT  - Frontiers in endocrinology
JID - 101555782
RN  - 0 (Genetic Markers)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenoma/*etiology/pathology
MH  - *Epigenesis, Genetic
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - *Genetic Markers
MH  - *Genetic Predisposition to Disease
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Mutation
MH  - Pituitary Neoplasms/*etiology/pathology
PMC - PMC7870789
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cushing's disease
OT  - acromegaly
OT  - molecular markers
OT  - non-secreting adenomas
OT  - pituitary adenomas
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/02/13 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/04 06:00
PMCR- 2020/01/01
CRDT- 2021/02/12 06:07
PHST- 2020/08/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/11/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/02/12 06:07 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/02/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fendo.2020.596554 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Jan 26;11:596554. doi: 
      10.3389/fendo.2020.596554. eCollection 2020.