PMID- 33576989 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210330 LR - 20210330 IS - 1940-6029 (Electronic) IS - 1064-3745 (Linking) VI - 2246 DP - 2021 TI - Monitoring Bacteriophage Infection on Bacterial Cells Using FISH. PG - 157-168 LID - 10.1007/978-1-0716-1115-9_11 [doi] AB - The possibility of visualizing bacteriophage-host interactions through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-derived methods is gaining relevance in the last few years. These methods allow the possibility of discriminating between phage-infected and noninfected cells and the assessment of the different infection stages at the single cell level. In opposition to bacterial cells, the detection of phages is more challenging due to the low number of nucleic acid copies. However, by using a conserved region of the phage genome that is highly expressed during transcription, a FISH signal targeting phage DNA copies and mRNA transcripts can be easily visible inside the bacterial host cells.In this book chapter, we will cover both the design of locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes for phages and a FISH method for the detection of phages inside bacterial cells. FAU - Vilas-Boas, Diana AU - Vilas-Boas D AD - Laboratorio de Investigacao em Biofilmes Rosario Oliveira (LIBRO), Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. FAU - Melo, Luis D R AU - Melo LDR AD - Laboratorio de Investigacao em Biofilmes Rosario Oliveira (LIBRO), Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. lmelo@deb.uminho.pt. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Methods Mol Biol JT - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) JID - 9214969 RN - 0 (Oligonucleotides) RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) RN - 0 (locked nucleic acid) RN - 9007-49-2 (DNA) SB - IM MH - Bacteria/*virology MH - Bacteriophages/*genetics MH - DNA/genetics MH - Host Microbial Interactions/genetics MH - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/*methods MH - Oligonucleotides/genetics MH - RNA, Messenger/genetics OTO - NOTNLM OT - Bacteriophage OT - Detection OT - Microscopy OT - Phage-host interactions EDAT- 2021/02/13 06:00 MHDA- 2021/03/31 06:00 CRDT- 2021/02/12 12:13 PHST- 2021/02/12 12:13 [entrez] PHST- 2021/02/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/03/31 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1007/978-1-0716-1115-9_11 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2246:157-168. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1115-9_11.