PMID- 33584677
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210621
LR  - 20211124
IS  - 1664-3224 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2020
TI  - Common Denominators in the Immunobiology of IgG4 Autoimmune Diseases: What Do 
      Glomerulonephritis, Pemphigus Vulgaris, Myasthenia Gravis, Thrombotic 
      Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Autoimmune Encephalitis Have in Common?
PG  - 605214
LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2020.605214 [doi]
LID - 605214
AB  - IgG4 autoimmune diseases (IgG4-AID) are an emerging group of autoimmune diseases 
      that are caused by pathogenic autoantibodies of the IgG4 subclass. It has only 
      recently been appreciated, that members of this group share relevant 
      immunobiological and therapeutic aspects even though different antigens, tissues 
      and organs are affected: glomerulonephritis (kidney), pemphigus vulgaris (skin), 
      thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (hematologic system) muscle-specific kinase 
      (MuSK) in myasthenia gravis (peripheral nervous system) and autoimmune 
      encephalitis (central nervous system) to give some examples. In all these 
      diseases, patients' IgG4 subclass autoantibodies block protein-protein 
      interactions instead of causing complement mediated tissue injury, patients 
      respond favorably to rituximab and share a genetic predisposition: at least five 
      HLA class II genes have been reported in individual studies to be associated with 
      several different IgG4-AID. This suggests a role for the HLA class II region and 
      specifically the DRbeta1 chain for aberrant priming of autoreactive T-cells toward a 
      chronic immune response skewed toward the production of IgG4 subclass 
      autoantibodies. The aim of this review is to provide an update on findings 
      arguing for a common pathogenic mechanism in IgG4-AID in general and to provide 
      hypotheses about the role of distinct HLA haplotypes, T-cells and cytokines in 
      IgG4-AID.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Koneczny, Yilmaz, Lazaridis, Tzartos, Lenz, Tzartos, Tuzun and 
      Leypoldt.
FAU - Koneczny, Inga
AU  - Koneczny I
AD  - Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical 
      University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Yilmaz, Vuslat
AU  - Yilmaz V
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, 
      Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
FAU - Lazaridis, Konstantinos
AU  - Lazaridis K
AD  - Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 
      Athens, Greece.
FAU - Tzartos, John
AU  - Tzartos J
AD  - Tzartos NeuroDiagnostics, Athens, Greece.
AD  - 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian 
      University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
FAU - Lenz, Tobias L
AU  - Lenz TL
AD  - Research Group for Evolutionary Immunogenomics, Max Planck Institute for 
      Evolutionary Biology, Plon, Germany.
FAU - Tzartos, Socrates
AU  - Tzartos S
AD  - Tzartos NeuroDiagnostics, Athens, Greece.
AD  - Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.
FAU - Tuzun, Erdem
AU  - Tuzun E
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, 
      Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
FAU - Leypoldt, Frank
AU  - Leypoldt F
AD  - Neuroimmunology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, 
      Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
LA  - eng
GR  - T 996/FWF_/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210129
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Immunol
JT  - Frontiers in immunology
JID - 101560960
RN  - 0 (Autoantibodies)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (HLA Antigens)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
RN  - 4F4X42SYQ6 (Rituximab)
RN  - Hashimoto's encephalitis
SB  - IM
MH  - Autoantibodies/*immunology
MH  - Cytokines/metabolism
MH  - Encephalitis/diagnosis/drug therapy/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Genetic Predisposition to Disease
MH  - Glomerulonephritis/diagnosis/drug therapy/genetics/*immunology
MH  - HLA Antigens/genetics/immunology
MH  - Hashimoto Disease/diagnosis/drug therapy/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/*immunology
MH  - Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease/diagnosis/drug therapy/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Myasthenia Gravis/diagnosis/drug therapy/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Pemphigus/diagnosis/drug therapy/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/diagnosis/drug therapy/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Rituximab/therapeutic use
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism
PMC - PMC7878376
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - HLA class II
OT  - HLA-DQB1
OT  - HLA-DRB1
OT  - IgG4 autoimmune disease
OT  - MHC
OT  - autoimmunity
OT  - etiology
COIS- JT and ST have shares in the research and diagnostic laboratory Tzartos 
      NeuroDiagnostics, Athens. FL discloses having received speaker honoraria from 
      Grifols, Teva, Biogen, Bayer, Roche, Novartis, Fresenius, travel funding from 
      Merck, Grifols, and Bayer and serving on advisory boards for Roche, Biogen, and 
      Alexion. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the 
      absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a 
      potential conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/02/16 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/22 06:00
PMCR- 2020/01/01
CRDT- 2021/02/15 06:08
PHST- 2020/09/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/12/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/02/15 06:08 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/02/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2020.605214 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Immunol. 2021 Jan 29;11:605214. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.605214. eCollection 
      2020.