PMID- 33591858
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220105
LR  - 20220105
IS  - 1715-5320 (Electronic)
IS  - 1715-5312 (Linking)
VI  - 46
IP  - 8
DP  - 2021 Aug
TI  - Effects of whey protein on skeletal muscle microvascular and mitochondrial 
      plasticity following 10 weeks of exercise training in men with type 2 diabetes.
PG  - 915-924
LID - 10.1139/apnm-2020-0943 [doi]
AB  - Skeletal muscle microvascular dysfunction and mitochondrial rarefaction feature 
      in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) linked to low tissue glucose disposal rate 
      (GDR). Exercise training and milk protein supplementation independently promote 
      microvascular and metabolic plasticity in muscle associated with improved 
      nutrient delivery, but combined effects are unknown. In a randomised-controlled 
      trial, 24 men (55.6 y, SD 5.7) with T2DM ingested whey protein drinks 
      (protein/carbohydrate/fat: 20/10/3 g; WHEY) or placebo (carbohydrate/fat: 30/3 g; 
      CON) before/after 45 mixed-mode intense exercise sessions over 10 weeks, to study 
      effects on insulin-stimulated (hyperinsulinemic clamp) skeletal-muscle 
      microvascular blood flow (mBF) and perfusion (near-infrared spectroscopy), and 
      histological, genetic, and biochemical markers (biopsy) of microvascular and 
      mitochondrial plasticity. WHEY enhanced insulin-stimulated perfusion (WHEY-CON 
      5.6%; 90% CI -0.1, 11.3), while mBF was not altered (3.5%; -17.5, 24.5); 
      perfusion, but not mBF, associated (regression) with increased GDR. Exercise 
      training increased mitochondrial (range of means: 40%-90%) and lipid density 
      (20%-30%), enzyme activity (20%-70%), capillary:fibre ratio ( approximately 25%), and lowered 
      systolic ( approximately 4%) and diastolic (4%-5%) blood pressure, but without WHEY effects. 
      WHEY dampened PGC1alpha -2.9% (90% compatibility interval: -5.7, -0.2) and NOS3 -6.4% 
      (-1.4, -0.2) expression, but other messenger RNA (mRNA) were unclear. Skeletal 
      muscle microvascular and mitochondrial exercise adaptations were not accentuated 
      by whey protein ingestion in men with T2DM. ANZCTR Registration Number: 
      ACTRN12614001197628. Novelty: Chronic whey ingestion in T2DM with exercise 
      altered expression of several mitochondrial and angiogenic mRNA. Whey added no 
      additional benefit to muscle microvascular or mitochondrial adaptations to 
      exercise. Insulin-stimulated perfusion increased with whey but was without impact 
      on glucose disposal.
FAU - Gaffney, Kim
AU  - Gaffney K
AD  - School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Wellington and 
      Auckland, New Zealand.
FAU - Lucero, Adam
AU  - Lucero A
AD  - School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Wellington and 
      Auckland, New Zealand.
FAU - Macartney-Coxson, Donia
AU  - Macartney-Coxson D
AD  - Human Genomics, Institute of Environmental and Scientific Research Ltd (ESR). 
      Porirua, Wellington, New Zealand.
FAU - Clapham, Jane
AU  - Clapham J
AD  - Human Genomics, Institute of Environmental and Scientific Research Ltd (ESR). 
      Porirua, Wellington, New Zealand.
FAU - Whitfield, Patricia
AU  - Whitfield P
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
FAU - Palmer, Barry R
AU  - Palmer BR
AD  - School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
FAU - Wakefield, StJohn
AU  - Wakefield S
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
FAU - Faulkner, James
AU  - Faulkner J
AD  - School of Sport, Health and Community, University of Winchester, Winchester, 
      England.
FAU - Stoner, Lee
AU  - Stoner L
AD  - Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel 
      Hill, NC, USA.
FAU - Rowlands, David S
AU  - Rowlands DS
AD  - School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Wellington and 
      Auckland, New Zealand.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20210216
PL  - Canada
TA  - Appl Physiol Nutr Metab
JT  - Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition 
      et metabolisme
JID - 101264333
RN  - 0 (Whey Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adaptation, Physiological/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Beverages
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*physiopathology/therapy
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - *Exercise
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Microcirculation/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Mitochondria/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Whey Proteins/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - angiogenesis
OT  - angiogenese
OT  - exercice intense
OT  - insulin resistance
OT  - intense exercise
OT  - near-infrared spectroscopy
OT  - resistance a l'insuline
OT  - spectroscopie proche infrarouge
EDAT- 2021/02/17 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/06 06:00
CRDT- 2021/02/16 17:09
PHST- 2021/02/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/16 17:09 [entrez]
AID - 10.1139/apnm-2020-0943 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2021 Aug;46(8):915-924. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0943. 
      Epub 2021 Feb 16.