PMID- 33593593
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210917
LR  - 20211204
IS  - 0968-0004 (Print)
IS  - 0968-0004 (Linking)
VI  - 46
IP  - 8
DP  - 2021 Aug
TI  - Regulation of Autophagy Enzymes by Nutrient Signaling.
PG  - 687-700
LID - S0968-0004(21)00020-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.01.006 [doi]
AB  - Autophagy is the primary catabolic program of the cell that promotes survival in 
      response to metabolic stress. It is tightly regulated by a suite of kinases 
      responsive to nutrient status, including mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 
      (mTORC1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase C-alpha (PKCalpha), 
      MAPK-activated protein kinases 2/3 (MAPKAPK2/3), Rho kinase 1 (ROCK1), c-Jun 
      N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK), and Casein kinase 2 (CSNK2). Here, we highlight 
      recently uncovered mechanisms linking amino acid, glucose, and oxygen levels to 
      autophagy regulation through mTORC1 and AMPK. In addition, we describe new 
      pathways governing the autophagic machinery, including the Unc-51-like (ULK1), 
      vacuolar protein sorting 34 (VPS34), and autophagy related 16 like 1 (ATG16L1) 
      enzyme complexes. Novel downstream targets of ULK1 protein kinase are also 
      discussed, such as the ATG16L1 subunit of the microtubule-associated protein 1 
      light chain 3 (LC3)-lipidating enzyme and the ATG14 subunit of the VPS34 complex. 
      Collectively, we describe the complexities of the autophagy pathway and its role 
      in maintaining cellular nutrient homeostasis during times of starvation.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
FAU - King, Karyn E
AU  - King KE
AD  - Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONT, 
      Canada.
FAU - Losier, Truc T
AU  - Losier TT
AD  - Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONT, 
      Canada.
FAU - Russell, Ryan C
AU  - Russell RC
AD  - Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONT, 
      Canada; Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, 
      Ottawa, ONT, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 
      Ottawa, ONT, Canada. Electronic address: ryan.russell@uottawa.ca.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210213
PL  - England
TA  - Trends Biochem Sci
JT  - Trends in biochemical sciences
JID - 7610674
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Autophagy
MH  - Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog/metabolism
MH  - Nutrients
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - *TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - AMPK
OT  - ATG complexes
OT  - amino acids
OT  - glucose
OT  - mTORC1
OT  - oxygen
COIS- Declaration of Interests The authors have no interests to declare.
EDAT- 2021/02/18 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/18 06:00
CRDT- 2021/02/17 05:41
PHST- 2020/10/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/01/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/02/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/17 05:41 [entrez]
AID - S0968-0004(21)00020-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.01.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Trends Biochem Sci. 2021 Aug;46(8):687-700. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.01.006. Epub 
      2021 Feb 13.