PMID- 33595102
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211015
LR  - 20211015
IS  - 1399-6576 (Electronic)
IS  - 0001-5172 (Linking)
VI  - 65
IP  - 5
DP  - 2021 May
TI  - Open chest and pericardium facilitate transpulmonary passage of venous air 
      emboli.
PG  - 648-655
LID - 10.1111/aas.13796 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Transpulmonary passage of air emboli can lead to fatal brain- and 
      myocardial infarctions. We studied whether pigs with open chest and pericardium 
      had a greater transpulmonary passage of venous air emboli than pigs with closed 
      thorax. METHODS: We allocated pigs with verified closed foramen ovale to venous 
      air infusion with either open chest with sternotomy and opening of the pleura and 
      pericardium (n = 8) or closed thorax (n = 16). All pigs received a five-hour 
      intravenous infusion of ambient air, starting at 4-6 mL/kg/h and increased by 
      2 mL/kg/h each hour. We assessed transpulmonary air passage by transesophageal 
      M-mode echocardiography and present the results as median with inter-quartile 
      range (IQR). RESULTS: Transpulmonary air passage occurred in all pigs with open 
      chest and pericardium and in nine pigs with closed thorax (56%). Compared to pigs 
      with closed thorax, pigs with open chest and pericardium had a shorter to air 
      passage (10 minutes (5-16) vs. 120 minutes (44-212), P < .0001), a smaller volume 
      of infused air at the time of transpulmonary passage (12 mL (10-23) vs.170 mL 
      (107-494), P < .0001), shorter time to death (122 minutes (48-185) vs 263 minutes 
      (248-300, P = .0005) and a smaller volume of infused air at the time of death 
      (264 mL (53-466) vs 727 mL (564-968), P = .001). In pigs with open chest and, 
      infused air and time to death correlated strongly (r = 0.95, P = .001). 
      CONCLUSION: Open chest and pericardium facilitated the transpulmonary passage of 
      intravenously infused air in pigs.
CI  - (c) 2021 The Authors. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica published by John Wiley & 
      Sons Ltd on behalf of Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Foundation.
FAU - Storm, Benjamin S
AU  - Storm BS
AD  - Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodo, 
      Norway.
AD  - Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway.
AD  - Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodo, Norway.
FAU - Halvorsen, Per Steinar
AU  - Halvorsen PS
AD  - The Intervention Centre, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 
      Norway.
FAU - Skulstad, Helge
AU  - Skulstad H
AD  - Department of Cardiology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Dybwik, Knut
AU  - Dybwik K
AD  - Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodo, 
      Norway.
AD  - Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodo, Norway.
FAU - Schjalm, Camilla
AU  - Schjalm C
AD  - Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, 
      Norway.
FAU - Christiansen, Dorte
AU  - Christiansen D
AD  - Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodo, Norway.
AD  - Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromso, Tromso, 
      Norway.
FAU - Wisloff-Aase, Kristin
AU  - Wisloff-Aase K
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 
      Norway.
AD  - Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University 
      Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Fosse, Erik
AU  - Fosse E
AD  - The Intervention Centre, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 
      Norway.
FAU - Braaten, Tonje
AU  - Braaten T
AD  - Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodo, Norway.
AD  - Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway.
FAU - Nielsen, Erik W
AU  - Nielsen EW
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8358-3226
AD  - Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodo, 
      Norway.
AD  - Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway.
AD  - Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodo, Norway.
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 
      Norway.
AD  - Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodo, Norway.
FAU - Mollnes, Tom E
AU  - Mollnes TE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5785-802X
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 
      Norway.
AD  - Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, 
      Norway.
AD  - Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodo, Norway.
AD  - Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromso, Tromso, 
      Norway.
AD  - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and 
      Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210304
PL  - England
TA  - Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
JT  - Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
JID - 0370270
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Echocardiography
MH  - *Embolism, Air
MH  - Pericardium
MH  - Swine
MH  - Thorax
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - air embolism
OT  - animal model
OT  - echocardiography
OT  - open thorax
OT  - thoracotomy
EDAT- 2021/02/18 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/16 06:00
CRDT- 2021/02/17 08:55
PHST- 2020/12/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/05/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/02/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/17 08:55 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/aas.13796 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2021 May;65(5):648-655. doi: 10.1111/aas.13796. Epub 
      2021 Mar 4.