PMID- 33603688
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220129
IS  - 1664-0640 (Print)
IS  - 1664-0640 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-0640 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2021
TI  - Longitudinal Structural MRI Findings in Individuals at Genetic and Clinical High 
      Risk for Psychosis: A Systematic Review.
PG  - 620401
LID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.620401 [doi]
LID - 620401
AB  - Background: Several cross-sectional studies report brain structure differences 
      between healthy volunteers and subjects at genetic or clinical high risk of 
      developing schizophrenia. However, longitudinal studies are important to 
      determine whether altered trajectories of brain development precede psychosis 
      onset. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to determine if brain 
      trajectories differ between (i) those with psychotic experiences (PE), genetic 
      (GHR) or clinical high risk (CHR), compared to healthy volunteers, and (ii) those 
      who transition to psychosis compared to those who do not. Results: Thirty-eight 
      studies measured gray matter and 18 studies measured white matter in 2,473 high 
      risk subjects and 990 healthy volunteers. GHR, CHR, and PE subjects show an 
      accelerated decline in gray matter primarily in temporal, and also frontal, 
      cingulate and parietal cortex. In those who remain symptomatic or transition to 
      psychosis, gray matter loss is more pronounced in these brain regions. White 
      matter volume and fractional anisotropy, which typically increase until early 
      adulthood, did not change or reduced in high risk subjects in the cingulum, 
      thalamic radiation, cerebellum, retrolenticular part of internal capsule, and 
      hippocampal-thalamic tracts. In those who transitioned, white matter volume and 
      fractional anisotropy reduced over time in the inferior and superior 
      fronto-occipital fasciculus, corpus callosum, anterior limb of the internal 
      capsule, superior corona radiate, and calcarine cortex. Conclusion: High risk 
      subjects show deficits in white matter maturation and an accelerated decline in 
      gray matter. Gray matter loss is more pronounced in those who transition to 
      psychosis, but may normalize by early adulthood in remitters.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Merritt, Luque Laguna, Irfan and David.
FAU - Merritt, Kate
AU  - Merritt K
AD  - Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University College London, 
      London, United Kingdom.
FAU - Luque Laguna, Pedro
AU  - Luque Laguna P
AD  - The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff 
      University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
FAU - Irfan, Ayela
AU  - Irfan A
AD  - Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University College London, 
      London, United Kingdom.
FAU - David, Anthony S
AU  - David AS
AD  - Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University College London, 
      London, United Kingdom.
LA  - eng
GR  - MR/S003436/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
PT  - Systematic Review
DEP - 20210202
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Psychiatry
JT  - Frontiers in psychiatry
JID - 101545006
PMC - PMC7884337
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - DTI
OT  - MRI
OT  - clinical high risk (CHR)
OT  - genetic high risk for psychosis
OT  - high risk psychosis
OT  - neuroimaging
OT  - psychotic like experiences
OT  - ultra high risk (UHR)
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/02/20 06:00
MHDA- 2021/02/20 06:01
PMCR- 2021/02/02
CRDT- 2021/02/19 06:05
PHST- 2020/10/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/02/19 06:05 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/02/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/02/20 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.620401 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Psychiatry. 2021 Feb 2;12:620401. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.620401. 
      eCollection 2021.