PMID- 33613412
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210604
IS  - 1664-2295 (Print)
IS  - 1664-2295 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-2295 (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2020
TI  - Peripheral Blood and Salivary Biomarkers of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and 
      Neuronal Damage: Clinical and Applied Concepts.
PG  - 577312
LID - 10.3389/fneur.2020.577312 [doi]
LID - 577312
AB  - Within the neurovascular unit (NVU), the blood-brain barrier (BBB) operates as a 
      key cerebrovascular interface, dynamically insulating the brain parenchyma from 
      peripheral blood and compartments. Increased BBB permeability is clinically 
      relevant for at least two reasons: it actively participates to the etiology of 
      central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and it enables the diagnosis of 
      neurological disorders based on the detection of CNS molecules in peripheral body 
      fluids. In pathological conditions, a suite of glial, neuronal, and pericyte 
      biomarkers can exit the brain reaching the peripheral blood and, after a process 
      of filtration, may also appear in saliva or urine according to varying temporal 
      trajectories. Here, we specifically examine the evidence in favor of or against 
      the use of protein biomarkers of NVU damage and BBB permeability in traumatic 
      head injury, including sport (sub)concussive impacts, seizure disorders, and 
      neurodegenerative processes such as Alzheimer's disease. We further extend this 
      analysis by focusing on the correlates of human extreme physiology applied to the 
      NVU and its biomarkers. To this end, we report NVU changes after prolonged 
      exercise, freediving, and gravitational stress, focusing on the presence of 
      peripheral biomarkers in these conditions. The development of a biomarker toolkit 
      will enable minimally invasive routines for the assessment of brain health in a 
      broad spectrum of clinical, emergency, and sport settings.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Janigro, Bailey, Lehmann, Badaut, O'Flynn, Hirtz and Marchi.
FAU - Janigro, Damir
AU  - Janigro D
AD  - Department of Physiology Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United 
      States.
AD  - FloTBI Inc., Cleveland, OH, United States.
FAU - Bailey, Damian M
AU  - Bailey DM
AD  - Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, 
      University of South Wales, Wales, United Kingdom.
FAU - Lehmann, Sylvain
AU  - Lehmann S
AD  - IRMB, INM, UFR Odontology, University Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, 
      Montpellier, France.
FAU - Badaut, Jerome
AU  - Badaut J
AD  - Brain Molecular Imaging Lab, CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, University of Bordeaux, 
      Bordeaux, France.
FAU - O'Flynn, Robin
AU  - O'Flynn R
AD  - IRMB, INM, UFR Odontology, University Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, 
      Montpellier, France.
FAU - Hirtz, Christophe
AU  - Hirtz C
AD  - IRMB, INM, UFR Odontology, University Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, 
      Montpellier, France.
FAU - Marchi, Nicola
AU  - Marchi N
AD  - Cerebrovascular and Glia Research, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of 
      Functional Genomics (UMR 5203 CNRS-U 1191 INSERM, University of Montpellier), 
      Montpellier, France.
LA  - eng
PT  - Systematic Review
DEP - 20210204
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Neurol
JT  - Frontiers in neurology
JID - 101546899
PMC - PMC7890078
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - blood biomarkers
OT  - concussion
OT  - epilepsy
OT  - extreme sports
OT  - neurodegeneration
OT  - neurovascular unit
OT  - saliva
OT  - traumatic brain injury
COIS- DJ was affiliated to the company FloTBI Inc. The remaining authors declare that 
      the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial 
      relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/02/23 06:00
MHDA- 2021/02/23 06:01
PMCR- 2021/02/04
CRDT- 2021/02/22 05:53
PHST- 2020/06/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/12/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/02/22 05:53 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/02/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/02/23 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fneur.2020.577312 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Neurol. 2021 Feb 4;11:577312. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.577312. eCollection 
      2020.