PMID- 33613876
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210223
IS  - 2008-126X (Print)
IS  - 2228-7442 (Electronic)
IS  - 2008-126X (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 4
DP  - 2020 Jul-Aug
TI  - MDMA and the Brain: A Short Review on the Role of Neurotransmitters in 
      Neurotoxicity.
PG  - 381-388
LID - 10.32598/bcn.9.10.485 [doi]
AB  - N-Methyl-3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA), or ecstasy is a recreational drug 
      of abuse. It is a synthetic substance that affects the body's systems, which its 
      mechanism of action and treatment should be more investigated. MDMA provides an 
      immediate enjoyable feeling by stimulating the release of neurotransmitters, such 
      as dopamine and serotonin in the brain. Unfortunately, abnormal regulation of the 
      brain neurotransmitters, as well as the increased oxidative stress causes damage 
      to the brain neurons after the MDMA exposure. Only a few studies have been done 
      regarding its treatment. Thus, the treatment of MDMA complications should be 
      further explored mainly by targeting its mechanism of action in the 
      neurotransmitter systems. Hence, this study presents a short review regarding the 
      recent findings on the role of neurotransmitters to cause MDMA neurotoxicity. The 
      results will be useful for future research in elucidating the potential treatment 
      based on the targeted mechanisms to treat the neurotoxic effects of MDMA.
CI  - Copyright(c) 2020 Iranian Neuroscience Society.
FAU - Mustafa, Nor Suliana
AU  - Mustafa NS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1011-2893
AD  - Centre for Research in Addiction (CentRenA), University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, 
      Terengganu, Malaysia.
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, City Campus, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, 
      Malaysia.
FAU - Bakar, Nor Hidayah Abu
AU  - Bakar NHA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5499-8828
AD  - Centre for Research in Addiction (CentRenA), University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, 
      Terengganu, Malaysia.
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, City Campus, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, 
      Malaysia.
FAU - Mohamad, Nasir
AU  - Mohamad N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3971-0312
AD  - Centre for Research in Addiction (CentRenA), University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, 
      Terengganu, Malaysia.
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, City Campus, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, 
      Malaysia.
FAU - Adnan, Liyana Hazwani Mohd
AU  - Adnan LHM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7331-951X
AD  - Centre for Research in Addiction (CentRenA), University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, 
      Terengganu, Malaysia.
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, City Campus, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, 
      Malaysia.
FAU - Fauzi, Nurul Farah Aina Md
AU  - Fauzi NFAM
AD  - Centre for Research in Addiction (CentRenA), University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, 
      Terengganu, Malaysia.
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, City Campus, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, 
      Malaysia.
FAU - Thoarlim, Abdulsoma
AU  - Thoarlim A
AD  - Centre for Research in Addiction (CentRenA), University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, 
      Terengganu, Malaysia.
AD  - Faculty of Islamic Contemporary Studies, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, 
      Terengganu, Malaysia.
FAU - Omar, Syed Hadzrullathfi Syed
AU  - Omar SHS
AD  - Centre for Research in Addiction (CentRenA), University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, 
      Terengganu, Malaysia.
AD  - Research Institute for Islamic Products, Malay Civilization University of Sultan 
      Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
FAU - Hamzah, Mohd Shafiee
AU  - Hamzah MS
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, City Campus, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, 
      Malaysia.
AD  - Faculty of Islamic Contemporary Studies, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, 
      Terengganu, Malaysia.
FAU - Yusoff, Zawawi
AU  - Yusoff Z
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, City Campus, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, 
      Malaysia.
AD  - Faculty of Islamic Contemporary Studies, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, 
      Terengganu, Malaysia.
FAU - Jufri, Mahdi
AU  - Jufri M
AD  - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Indonesia.
FAU - Ahmad, Rashidi
AU  - Ahmad R
AD  - Academic Unit of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 
      Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20200701
PL  - Iran
TA  - Basic Clin Neurosci
JT  - Basic and clinical neuroscience
JID - 101575211
PMC - PMC7878040
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Brain injuries
OT  - MDMA
OT  - Memory
OT  - Neurotransmitter
OT  - Therapy
COIS- Conflict of interest The authors declared no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/02/23 06:00
MHDA- 2021/02/23 06:01
PMCR- 2020/07/01
CRDT- 2021/02/22 05:55
PHST- 2018/07/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/08/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/02/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/02/22 05:55 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/02/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/02/23 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - BCN-11-381 [pii]
AID - 10.32598/bcn.9.10.485 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Basic Clin Neurosci. 2020 Jul-Aug;11(4):381-388. doi: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.485. Epub 
      2020 Jul 1.