PMID- 33623406
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220420
IS  - 1178-7007 (Print)
IS  - 1178-7007 (Electronic)
IS  - 1178-7007 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2021
TI  - Evaluation of Stress and Associated Biochemical Changes in Patients with Type 2 
      Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity.
PG  - 705-717
LID - 10.2147/DMSO.S294555 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a metabolic disorder, remains 
      associated with a physiological impairment affecting large populations worldwide. 
      Onset of T2DM is multifactorial where obesity and abnormal basal metabolic rate 
      are considered most critical. Of people diagnosed with T2DM, about 80% are also 
      obese. It is also reported that obese individuals have an increased odds of 
      developing depression, whereas T2DM is estimated to increase the incidence by 
      two-fold. The preponderance of research data demonstrates that T2DM alters the 
      serum level of cortisol and adiponectin which are known to be associated with 
      neuronal physiology. The study explored, how a metabolic disorder like T2DM is 
      linked with the altered plasma level of cortisol and adiponectin, the risk 
      factors for stress and depression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional 
      population study was conducted in T2DM patients using a bimodal approach. First 
      approach used questionnaires, (1) Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and (2) 
      Stress Coping Inventory Questionnaire (SCQ) to assess signs and symptoms of 
      depression and stress, respectively, in T2DM patients. In the second approach, 
      robust biochemical analysis was conducted for serum adiponectin and cortisol 
      levels. RESULTS: An association of T2DM in stress and depression was evaluated in 
      158 subjects (105 T2DM obese patients and 53 healthy controls). A lower PHQ-9 
      score and adiponectin levels were seen in T2DM obese patients compared to healthy 
      controls (p<0.05). Further, results also depicted a lower adiponectin levels in 
      T2DM obese patients with depression compared to T2DM obese patients without 
      depression (p<0.05). The study did not find a significant difference in cortisol 
      serum levels among the T2DM and control groups. However, a higher level of serum 
      cortisol was reported in T2DM obese patients with depression over those T2DM 
      obese patients who lacked depression (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest 
      that T2DM obese patients might have a higher risk of developing stress and 
      depression. Further, biochemical parameters, adiponectin and cortisol, might be 
      the potential biomarkers for T2DM and may help in early diagnosis of these 
      comorbid conditions.
CI  - (c) 2021 Tyagi et al.
FAU - Tyagi, Kanchan
AU  - Tyagi K
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Education and 
      Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
FAU - Agarwal, Nidhi Bharal
AU  - Agarwal NB
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2509-3026
AD  - Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life 
      Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
FAU - Kapur, Prem
AU  - Kapur P
AD  - Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and, Research, HAH Centenary Hospital, New 
      Delhi, 110062, India.
FAU - Kohli, Sunil
AU  - Kohli S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4263-6854
AD  - Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and, Research, HAH Centenary Hospital, New 
      Delhi, 110062, India.
FAU - Jalali, Rajinder K
AU  - Jalali RK
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3060-8108
AD  - Physician and Healthcare Consultant. Formerly, Sun Pharmaceuticals Industries 
      Limited, Gurgaon, 122015, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210216
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes
JT  - Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy
JID - 101515585
PMC - PMC7896784
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - PHQ-9
OT  - SCQ
OT  - adiponectin
OT  - cortisol
OT  - depression
OT  - stress
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
EDAT- 2021/02/25 06:00
MHDA- 2021/02/25 06:01
PMCR- 2021/02/16
CRDT- 2021/02/24 05:43
PHST- 2020/11/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/02/24 05:43 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/02/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/02/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 294555 [pii]
AID - 10.2147/DMSO.S294555 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021 Feb 16;14:705-717. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S294555. 
      eCollection 2021.