PMID- 33624853
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220207
LR  - 20220207
IS  - 1099-1263 (Electronic)
IS  - 0260-437X (Linking)
VI  - 41
IP  - 10
DP  - 2021 Oct
TI  - Cytotoxic and immunological responses of fish leukocytes to nodularin exposure in 
      vitro.
PG  - 1660-1672
LID - 10.1002/jat.4154 [doi]
AB  - Nodularin (NOD) is a cyclic peptide released by bloom-forming toxic cyanobacteria 
      Nodularia spumigena commonly occurring in brackish waters throughout the world. 
      Although its hepatotoxic effects are well known, other negative effects of NOD 
      have not yet been completely elucidated. The present study aims were to evaluate 
      and compare the cytotoxic and immunotoxic effects of the toxin on primary 
      leukocytes (from head kidney [HK]) and stable fish leukocytes (carp leucocyte 
      cell line [CLC] cells). The cells were incubated with the cyanotoxin at 
      concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1 mug/ml. After 24 h of exposure, the 
      concentrations >/=0.05 mug/ml of toxin resulted in cytotoxicity in the primary 
      cells, while in CLC cells, the toxic effect was obtained only with the highest 
      concentration. Similarly, depending on the concentration, exposure to NOD causes 
      a significant inhibition of chemotaxis of the phagocytic abilities of primary 
      leukocytes and a significant reduction in the proliferation of lymphocytes 
      isolated from the HKs. Moreover, CLC cells and HK leukocytes incubated with this 
      toxin at all the mentioned concentrations showed an increased production of 
      reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. NOD also evidently influenced the 
      expression of genes of cytokine TNF-alpha and IL-10 and, to a minor extent, IL-1beta and 
      TGF-beta. Notably, the observed changes in the mRNA levels of cytokines in 
      NOD-exposed cells were evident, but not clearly dose-dependent. Interestingly, 
      NOD did not affect the production and release of IL-1beta of the CLC cells. This 
      study provides evidence that NOD may exert cytotoxicity and immune-toxicity 
      effects depending on cell type and toxin concentration.
CI  - (c) 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FAU - Rymuszka, Anna
AU  - Rymuszka A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4322-5045
AD  - Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science and Health, 
      The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
FAU - Sieroslawska, Anna
AU  - Sieroslawska A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3125-7402
AD  - Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science and Health, 
      The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
FAU - Adaszek, Lukasz
AU  - Adaszek L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0261-2695
AD  - Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of 
      Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210224
PL  - England
TA  - J Appl Toxicol
JT  - Journal of applied toxicology : JAT
JID - 8109495
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Toxins)
RN  - 0 (Cytotoxins)
RN  - 0 (Peptides, Cyclic)
RN  - 0979BIK2QU (nodularin)
RN  - Nodularia spumigena
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacterial Toxins/*toxicity
MH  - Carps/*growth & development
MH  - Cells, Cultured/*drug effects
MH  - Cytotoxins/adverse effects
MH  - Leukocytes/*drug effects/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Nodularia/chemistry
MH  - Peptides, Cyclic/*toxicity
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CLC cell line
OT  - cyanotoxins
OT  - cytokines
OT  - fish
OT  - immunotoxicity
OT  - nodularin
EDAT- 2021/02/25 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/08 06:00
CRDT- 2021/02/24 08:41
PHST- 2021/02/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/01/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/02/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/24 08:41 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/jat.4154 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Appl Toxicol. 2021 Oct;41(10):1660-1672. doi: 10.1002/jat.4154. Epub 2021 Feb 
      24.