PMID- 33625701
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210714
LR  - 20210714
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 26
DP  - 2021 Jul
TI  - Performance analysis and optimization of solar-powered E-rickshaw for 
      environmental sustainability in rural transportation.
PG  - 34278-34289
LID - 10.1007/s11356-021-12894-x [doi]
AB  - The last mile connectivity through public transport is a challenging task in 
      India. However, according to the Society of Indian Automotive Manufacturers 
      (SIAM) statistics, three-wheelers sales increased by 10.27% in the year financial 
      year of 2018-2019 compared to the previous financial year. In this growth, it is 
      recorded that the passenger carrier three-wheeler sales increased by 10.62% and 
      goods carrier three-wheeler grew by 8.75% in the year 2019 compared to the 
      previous year. The existing design consideration in the three-wheeler development 
      shows poor performance in the real-world scenario because the three-wheeler's 
      open drive compartment creates more aerodynamic drag to the vehicle. This 
      increases the amount of energy consumption to achieve the same amount of range 
      (km/L). Three-wheeler's extra energy consumption will directly increase the 
      amount of exhaust emission in internal combustion engines and electrical energy 
      consumption in electric vehicles. The present paper attempts in designing a 
      solar-powered electrical auto-rickshaw for rural transportation. The paper aims 
      to obtain an optimal solar module placement angle and analyzes the solar-powered 
      electrical auto-rickshaw performance by incorporating the National Advisory 
      Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) aerodynamic design principles. The optimal solar 
      module placement angle is identified by analyzing the various configurations like 
      front alone tilt at 16 degrees -degree, rear alone tilt at the 5 degrees -degree and combined 
      front at 16 degrees -degree, and rear at 5 degrees -degree to reduce the aerodynamic drag effect. 
      The paper also aims to identify the effect of the optimal angle on vehicle speed, 
      and solar power generation to enhance the performance and energy efficiency for 
      achieving environmentally sustainable transportation.
CI  - (c) 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part 
      of Springer Nature.
FAU - Nadimuthu, Lalith Pankaj Raj
AU  - Nadimuthu LPR
AD  - Centre for Rural Energy, The Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed to be University, 
      Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, 624 302, India.
FAU - Victor, Kirubakaran
AU  - Victor K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7160-4758
AD  - Centre for Rural Energy, The Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed to be University, 
      Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, 624 302, India. kirbakaran@yahoo.com.
LA  - eng
GR  - IF180435/Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210224
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 0 (Vehicle Emissions)
SB  - IM
MH  - Electricity
MH  - Humans
MH  - India
MH  - *Solar Energy
MH  - Transportation
MH  - Vehicle Emissions/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Aerodynamic design optimization
OT  - Carbon emission
OT  - Climate change mitigation
OT  - Solar-powered electrical rickshaw
OT  - Sustainable transportation
EDAT- 2021/02/25 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/15 06:00
CRDT- 2021/02/24 12:14
PHST- 2020/06/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/02/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/24 12:14 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-021-12894-x [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-021-12894-x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jul;28(26):34278-34289. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-021-12894-x. Epub 2021 Feb 24.