PMID- 33628162
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210226
IS  - 1611-2156 (Print)
IS  - 1611-2156 (Electronic)
IS  - 1611-2156 (Linking)
VI  - 20
DP  - 2021
TI  - Insights into the actions of angiotensin-1 receptor (AT1R) inverse agonists: 
      Perspectives and implications in COVID-19 treatment.
PG  - 252-275
LID - 10.17179/excli2021-3412 [doi]
AB  - New coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has caused chaos in health care systems. 
      Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are variable, with a complex pathophysiology 
      and as yet no specific treatment. It has been suggested that the 
      renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has a possible role in the severity of cases 
      and the number of deaths. Our hypothesis is that drugs with inverse agonist 
      effects to the angiotensin-1 receptor can be promising tools in the management of 
      patients with COVID-19, possibly avoiding complications and the poor evolution in 
      some cases. Any risk factors first need to be identified, and the most 
      appropriate time to administer the drugs during the course of the infection also 
      needs to be established. Several angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) have a 
      favorable profile and are important candidates for the treatment of COVID-19. In 
      this review we discussed a set of compounds with favorable profile for COVID-19 
      treatment, including azilsartan, candesartan, eprosartan, EXP3174, olmesartan, 
      telmisartan, and valsartan. They are effective as inverse agonists and could 
      reduce the "cytokine storm" and reducing oxidative stress. As COVID-19 disease 
      has several evolution patterns, the effectiveness of ARB therapy would be related 
      to infection "timing", patient risk factors, previous use of ARBs, and the 
      specific molecular effects of an ARB. However, controlled studies are needed to 
      identify whether ARBs are beneficial in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Heimfarth et al.
FAU - Heimfarth, Luana
AU  - Heimfarth L
AD  - Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of 
      Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil.
FAU - Dos Santos, Mario Adriano
AU  - Dos Santos MA
AD  - Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
FAU - Barreto-Filho, Jose Augusto
AU  - Barreto-Filho JA
AD  - Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, 
      Sergipe, Brazil.
FAU - Barreto, Andre Sales
AU  - Barreto AS
AD  - Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal 
      University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil.
FAU - Macedo, Fabricio Nunes
AU  - Macedo FN
AD  - Faculdade Estacio de Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
FAU - Araujo, Adriano Antunes de Souza
AU  - Araujo AAS
AD  - Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, 
      Brazil.
FAU - Martins-Filho, Paulo
AU  - Martins-Filho P
AD  - Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, 
      Sergipe, Brazil.
FAU - Scotti, Marcus Tullius
AU  - Scotti MT
AD  - Cheminformatics Laboratory- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and 
      Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraiba-Campus I, 58051-970, Joao 
      Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
FAU - Scotti, Luciana
AU  - Scotti L
AD  - Cheminformatics Laboratory- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and 
      Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraiba-Campus I, 58051-970, Joao 
      Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
FAU - Quintans-Junior, Lucindo Jose
AU  - Quintans-Junior LJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5155-938X
AD  - Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of 
      Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210208
PL  - Germany
TA  - EXCLI J
JT  - EXCLI journal
JID - 101299402
PMC - PMC7898045
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - SARS-CoV-2
OT  - angiotensin-converting enzyme
OT  - drugs
OT  - renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
EDAT- 2021/02/26 06:00
MHDA- 2021/02/26 06:01
PMCR- 2021/02/08
CRDT- 2021/02/25 05:44
PHST- 2021/01/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/02/25 05:44 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/02/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/02/26 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 2021-3412 [pii]
AID - Doc252 [pii]
AID - 10.17179/excli2021-3412 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - EXCLI J. 2021 Feb 8;20:252-275. doi: 10.17179/excli2021-3412. eCollection 2021.