PMID- 33631575 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20210420 LR - 20210420 IS - 1879-1026 (Electronic) IS - 0048-9697 (Linking) VI - 775 DP - 2021 Jun 25 TI - Time trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern (CEAC) in Arctic air from 25 years of monitoring. PG - 145109 LID - S0048-9697(21)00175-3 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145109 [doi] AB - The long-term time trends of atmospheric pollutants at eight Arctic monitoring stations are reported. The work was conducted under the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) of the Arctic Council. The monitoring stations were: Alert, Canada; Zeppelin, Svalbard; Storhofethi, Iceland; Pallas, Finland; Andoya, Norway; Villum Research Station, Greenland; Tiksi and Amderma, Russia. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as alpha- and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), alpha-endosulfan, chlordane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) showed declining trends in air at all stations. However, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), one of the initial twelve POPs listed in the Stockholm Convention in 2004, showed either increasing or non-changing trends at the stations. Many POPs demonstrated seasonality but the patterns were not consistent among the chemicals and stations. Some chemicals showed winter minimum and summer maximum concentrations at one station but not another, and vice versa. The ratios of chlordane isomers and DDT species showed that they were aged residues. Time trends of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) were showing decreasing concentrations at Alert, Zeppelin and Andoya. The Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern (CEAC) were either showing stable or increasing trends. These include methoxychlor, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol, and C(9)-C(11) perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs). We have demonstrated the importance of monitoring CEAC before they are being regulated because model calculations to predict their transport mechanisms and fate cannot be made due to the lack of emission inventories. We should maintain long-term monitoring programmes with consistent data quality in order to evaluate the effectiveness of chemical control efforts taken by countries worldwide. CI - Crown Copyright (c) 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Wong, Fiona AU - Wong F AD - Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. FAU - Hung, Hayley AU - Hung H AD - Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Electronic address: hayley.hung@canada.ca. FAU - Dryfhout-Clark, Helena AU - Dryfhout-Clark H AD - Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. FAU - Aas, Wenche AU - Aas W AD - NILU, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway. FAU - Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla AU - Bohlin-Nizzetto P AD - NILU, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway. FAU - Breivik, Knut AU - Breivik K AD - NILU, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway. FAU - Mastromonaco, Michelle Nerentorp AU - Mastromonaco MN AD - IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 47086, Goteborg 40 258, Sweden. FAU - Lunden, Eva Brorstrom AU - Lunden EB AD - IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 47086, Goteborg 40 258, Sweden. FAU - Olafsdottir, Kristin AU - Olafsdottir K AD - University of Iceland, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hagi, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland. FAU - Sigurethsson, Arni AU - Sigurethsson A AD - Icelandic Meteorological Office, Bustadavegur 7-9, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland. FAU - Vorkamp, Katrin AU - Vorkamp K AD - Department of Environmental Science, Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark. FAU - Bossi, Rossana AU - Bossi R AD - Department of Environmental Science, Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark. FAU - Skov, Henrik AU - Skov H AD - Department of Environmental Science, Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark. FAU - Hakola, Hannele AU - Hakola H AD - Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. FAU - Barresi, Enzo AU - Barresi E AD - National Laboratory for Environmental Testing, National Water Research Institute, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. FAU - Sverko, Ed AU - Sverko E AD - State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China. FAU - Fellin, Phil AU - Fellin P AD - Airzone One Ltd., 222, Matheson Blvd. E., Mississauga, ON L4Z 1X1, Canada. FAU - Li, Henrik AU - Li H AD - Airzone One Ltd., 222, Matheson Blvd. E., Mississauga, ON L4Z 1X1, Canada. FAU - Vlasenko, Alexander AU - Vlasenko A AD - Airzone One Ltd., 222, Matheson Blvd. E., Mississauga, ON L4Z 1X1, Canada. FAU - Zapevalov, Mikhail AU - Zapevalov M AD - IPEM RPA "Typhoon", Obninsk, Kaluga reg, Pobeda str, 4, Russian Federation. FAU - Samsonov, Dmitry AU - Samsonov D AD - IPEM RPA "Typhoon", Obninsk, Kaluga reg, Pobeda str, 4, Russian Federation. FAU - Wilson, Simon AU - Wilson S AD - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Secretariat, The Fram Centre, Box 6606, Langnes, 9296 Tromso, Norway. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210204 PL - Netherlands TA - Sci Total Environ JT - The Science of the total environment JID - 0330500 SB - IM OTO - NOTNLM OT - Atmosphere OT - Emerging chemicals OT - Long-range transport OT - Persistent organic pollutants OT - Polar OT - Stockholm Convention COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2021/02/26 06:00 MHDA- 2021/02/26 06:01 CRDT- 2021/02/25 20:15 PHST- 2020/11/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/01/05 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/01/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/02/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/02/26 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/02/25 20:15 [entrez] AID - S0048-9697(21)00175-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145109 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jun 25;775:145109. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145109. Epub 2021 Feb 4.