PMID- 33636267
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210721
LR  - 20210721
IS  - 1879-0003 (Electronic)
IS  - 0141-8130 (Linking)
VI  - 178
DP  - 2021 May 1
TI  - Chitin nanofibers trigger membrane bound defense signaling and induce elicitor 
      activity in plants.
PG  - 253-262
LID - S0141-8130(21)00460-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.164 [doi]
AB  - The present study demonstrated that chitin-based nanofibers (CNFs) trigger the 
      chitinase genes (PGIP1 and CaChi2), while elevating salicylic acid that can 
      protect plants against pathogens. Cross-talk between this genetic induction and 
      salicylic-acid-mediated immune response was also observed, which may arm a plant 
      against multiple pathovars. Crab and mushroom based CNFs were synthesized by 
      electrospinning and ball milling techniques. Plants (mung bean, Vigna radiata) 
      (pepper, Capsicum annuum) were pre-inoculated with CNFs and treated with the 
      pathogens Scrolotium rolfsii for pepper and Macrophomina phaseolina for mung bean 
      and shrimp-based CNFs were used as a control. Treated plants had elevated levels 
      of chitinase genes in response to CNFs at inoculation concentrations <10 mg/mL 
      both in soil and media, to protect them against the pathogenic fungal disease. 
      After 24 h of exposure to the pathogens, qRT-PCR showed genes class II chitinase 
      gene (CaChi2) and polygalacturonase inhibitor protein 1 (PGIP1) to be 
      up-regulated in both root and shoot at 0.1 and 1 mg/mL of inoculation, 
      respectively. The ball milled mushroom CNFs were sufficient to trigger the 
      membrane based enzymes with less diameter (>/=15 nm) to be most efficient versus 
      others. In vitro analysis showed IC(50) of ball milled mushroom CNFs to be most 
      efficient in limiting the growth of fungal biomass. Further trigger-like effects 
      were prominent in reducing pathogenic fungal spread in both species.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.
FAU - Um-E-Aiman
AU  - Um-E-Aiman
AD  - Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 
      Pakistan.
FAU - Nisar, Numrah
AU  - Nisar N
AD  - Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 
      Pakistan. Electronic address: numrah.nisar@lcwu.edu.pk.
FAU - Tsuzuki, Takuya
AU  - Tsuzuki T
AD  - Department of Engineering, Australian National University, Australia.
FAU - Lowe, Adrian
AU  - Lowe A
AD  - Department of Engineering, Australian National University, Australia.
FAU - Rossiter, John T
AU  - Rossiter JT
AD  - Imperial College London, UK.
FAU - Javaid, Arshad
AU  - Javaid A
AD  - Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
FAU - Powell, Glen
AU  - Powell G
AD  - NIAB EMR, UK.
FAU - Waseem, Rashad
AU  - Waseem R
AD  - University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
FAU - Al-Mijalli, Samiah H
AU  - Al-Mijalli SH
AD  - Biology Department, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman 
      University (PNU), Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Iqbal, Munawar
AU  - Iqbal M
AD  - Department of Chemistry, The university of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan. Electronic 
      address: bosalvee@yahoo.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210223
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Int J Biol Macromol
JT  - International journal of biological macromolecules
JID - 7909578
RN  - 1398-61-4 (Chitin)
RN  - Macrophomina phaseolina
SB  - IM
MH  - Ascomycota/*immunology
MH  - *Capsicum/immunology/microbiology
MH  - *Cell Membrane/immunology/microbiology
MH  - *Chitin/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Nanofibers/*chemistry
MH  - *Plant Diseases/immunology/microbiology
MH  - Plant Immunity/*drug effects
MH  - *Vigna/immunology/microbiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ball milling
OT  - Chitin based nanofibers
OT  - Crab and mushroom
OT  - Elicitor activity
OT  - Membrane triggering
EDAT- 2021/02/27 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/22 06:00
CRDT- 2021/02/26 20:11
PHST- 2020/10/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/02/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/02/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/26 20:11 [entrez]
AID - S0141-8130(21)00460-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.164 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 May 1;178:253-262. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.164. 
      Epub 2021 Feb 23.