PMID- 33639341
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210902
LR  - 20210902
IS  - 1873-2542 (Electronic)
IS  - 0378-1135 (Linking)
VI  - 254
DP  - 2021 Mar
TI  - Gut microbiome associations with outcome following co-infection with porcine 
      reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 
      (PCV2) in pigs immunized with a PRRS modified live virus vaccine.
PG  - 109018
LID - S0378-1135(21)00041-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109018 [doi]
AB  - Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine 
      circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are two of the most significant pathogens affecting 
      swine. Co-infections are common and result in respiratory disease and reduced 
      weight gain in growing pigs. Although PRRS modified live virus (MLV) vaccines are 
      widely used to decrease PRRS-associated losses, they are generally considered 
      inadequate for disease control. The gut microbiome provides an alternative 
      strategy to enhance vaccine efficacy and improve PRRS control. The objective of 
      this study was to identify gut microbiome characteristics associated with 
      improved outcome in pigs immunized with a PRRS MLV and co-challenged with PRRSV 
      and PCV2b. Twenty-eight days after vaccination and prior to co-challenge, fecal 
      samples were collected from an experimental population of 50 nursery pigs. At 42 
      days post-challenge, 20 pigs were retrospectively identified as having high or 
      low growth outcomes during the post-challenge period. Gut microbiomes of the two 
      outcome groups were compared using the Lawrence Livermore Microbial Detection 
      Array (LLMDA) and 16S rDNA sequencing. High growth outcomes were associated with 
      several gut microbiome characteristics, such as increased bacterial diversity, 
      increased Bacteroides pectinophilus, decreased Mycoplasmataceae species 
      diversity, higher Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratios, increased relative abundance 
      of the phylum Spirochaetes, reduced relative abundance of the family 
      Lachnospiraceae, and increased Lachnospiraceae species C6A11 and P6B14. Overall, 
      this study identifies gut microbiomes associated with improved outcomes in PRRS 
      vaccinated pigs following a polymicrobial respiratory challenge and provides 
      evidence towards the gut microbiome playing a role in PRRS vaccine efficacy.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Constance, Laura A
AU  - Constance LA
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United 
      States.
FAU - Thissen, James B
AU  - Thissen JB
AD  - Physical & Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 
      7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States.
FAU - Jaing, Crystal J
AU  - Jaing CJ
AD  - Physical & Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 
      7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States.
FAU - McLoughlin, Kevin S
AU  - McLoughlin KS
AD  - Computing Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, 
      Livermore, California 94550, United States.
FAU - Rowland, Raymond R R
AU  - Rowland RRR
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United 
      States.
FAU - Serao, Nick V L
AU  - Serao NVL
AD  - Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United 
      States.
FAU - Cino-Ozuna, Ada G
AU  - Cino-Ozuna AG
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United 
      States.
FAU - Niederwerder, Megan C
AU  - Niederwerder MC
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United 
      States. Electronic address: mniederwerder@vet.k-state.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210216
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vet Microbiol
JT  - Veterinary microbiology
JID - 7705469
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Vaccines, Attenuated)
RN  - 0 (Viral Vaccines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/blood
MH  - Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Circoviridae Infections/virology
MH  - Circovirus/*immunology/pathogenicity
MH  - Coinfection/*veterinary/virology
MH  - *Gastrointestinal Microbiome
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/immunology/*prevention & control
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*immunology/pathogenicity
MH  - Swine
MH  - Swine Diseases/prevention & control/virology
MH  - Vaccination
MH  - Vaccine Potency
MH  - Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage/immunology
MH  - Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage/*immunology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Microbial diversity
OT  - Microbiome
OT  - Porcine circovirus type 2
OT  - Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
OT  - Vaccination
OT  - Weight gain
EDAT- 2021/02/28 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/03 06:00
CRDT- 2021/02/27 20:09
PHST- 2020/11/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/02/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/27 20:09 [entrez]
AID - S0378-1135(21)00041-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109018 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vet Microbiol. 2021 Mar;254:109018. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109018. Epub 2021 
      Feb 16.