PMID- 33649531
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220117
LR  - 20230129
IS  - 1759-4766 (Electronic)
IS  - 1759-4758 (Print)
IS  - 1759-4758 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 5
DP  - 2021 May
TI  - Guillain-Barre syndrome in low-income and middle-income countries: challenges and 
      prospects.
PG  - 285-296
LID - 10.1038/s41582-021-00467-y [doi]
AB  - The epidemiology, clinical characteristics, management and outcome of 
      Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) differ between low-income and middle-income 
      countries (LMIC) and high-income countries (HIC). At present, limited data are 
      available on GBS in LMIC and the true incidence of GBS in many LMIC remains 
      unknown. Increased understanding of GBS in LMIC is needed because poor hygiene 
      and high exposure to infections render populations in LMIC vulnerable to GBS 
      outbreaks. Furthermore, insufficient diagnostic and health-care facilities in 
      LMIC contribute to delayed diagnosis in patients with severe presentations of 
      GBS. In addition, the lack of national clinical guidelines and absence of 
      affordable, effective treatments contribute to worse outcomes and higher 
      mortality in LMIC than HIC. Systematic population-based surveillance studies, 
      cohort and case-control studies are required to understand the incidence and risk 
      factors for GBS. Novel, targeted and cost-effective treatment strategies need to 
      be developed in the context of health system challenges in LMIC. To ensure 
      integrative rehabilitation services in LMIC, existing prognostic models must be 
      validated, and responsive outcome measures that are cross-culturally applicable 
      must be developed. Therefore, fundamental and applied research to improve the 
      clinical management of GBS in LMIC should become a critical focus of future 
      research programmes.
FAU - Papri, Nowshin
AU  - Papri N
AD  - Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, 
      icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
AD  - Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Islam, Zhahirul
AU  - Islam Z
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0935-8079
AD  - Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, 
      icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh. zislam@icddrb.org.
FAU - Leonhard, Sonja E
AU  - Leonhard SE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4832-6926
AD  - Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Mohammad, Quazi D
AU  - Mohammad QD
AD  - National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
FAU - Endtz, Hubert P
AU  - Endtz HP
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, 
      University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
AD  - Fondation Merieux, Lyon, France.
FAU - Jacobs, Bart C
AU  - Jacobs BC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8985-2458
AD  - Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 
      Netherlands.
AD  - Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 
      Netherlands.
LA  - eng
GR  - K43 TW011447/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210301
PL  - England
TA  - Nat Rev Neurol
JT  - Nature reviews. Neurology
JID - 101500072
SB  - IM
MH  - Developing Countries/*economics
MH  - Global Health/*economics/trends
MH  - Guillain-Barre Syndrome/*economics/*epidemiology/therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunotherapy/economics/trends
MH  - Poverty/*economics/trends
PMC - PMC7920001
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2021/03/03 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/18 06:00
PMCR- 2021/03/01
CRDT- 2021/03/02 06:17
PHST- 2021/02/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/03/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/02 06:17 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41582-021-00467-y [pii]
AID - 467 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41582-021-00467-y [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nat Rev Neurol. 2021 May;17(5):285-296. doi: 10.1038/s41582-021-00467-y. Epub 
      2021 Mar 1.