PMID- 33653360
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210310
LR  - 20210310
IS  - 1475-2875 (Electronic)
IS  - 1475-2875 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Mar 2
TI  - Genetic diversity and natural selection on the thrombospondin-related adhesive 
      protein (TRAP) gene of Plasmodium falciparum on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea 
      and global comparative analysis.
PG  - 124
LID - 10.1186/s12936-021-03664-8 [doi]
LID - 124
AB  - BACKGROUND: Thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP) is a transmembrane 
      protein that plays a crucial role during the invasion of Plasmodium falciparum 
      into liver cells. As a potential malaria vaccine candidate, the genetic diversity 
      and natural selection of PfTRAP was assessed and the global PfTRAP polymorphism 
      pattern was described. METHODS: 153 blood spot samples from Bioko malaria 
      patients were collected during 2016-2018 and the target TRAP gene was amplified. 
      Together with the sequences from database, nucleotide diversity and natural 
      selection analysis, and the structural prediction were preformed using 
      bioinformatical tools. RESULTS: A total of 119 Bioko PfTRAP sequences were 
      amplified successfully. On Bioko Island, PfTRAP shows its high degree of genetic 
      diversity and heterogeneity, with pi value for 0.01046 and Hd for 0.99. The value 
      of dN-dS (6.2231, p < 0.05) hinted at natural selection of PfTRAP on Bioko 
      Island. Globally, the African PfTRAPs showed more diverse than the Asian ones, 
      and significant genetic differentiation was discovered by the fixation index 
      between African and Asian countries (Fst > 0.15, p < 0.05). 667 Asian isolates 
      clustered in 136 haplotypes and 739 African isolates clustered in 528 haplotypes 
      by network analysis. The mutations I116T, L221I, Y128F, G228V and P299S were 
      predicted as probably damaging by PolyPhen online service, while mutations L49V, 
      R285G, R285S, P299S and K421N would lead to a significant increase of free energy 
      difference (DeltaDeltaG > 1) indicated a destabilization of protein structure. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Evidences in the present investigation supported that PfTRAP gene 
      from Bioko Island and other malaria endemic countries is highly polymorphic 
      (especially at T cell epitopes), which provided the genetic information 
      background for developing an PfTRAP-based universal effective vaccine. Moreover, 
      some mutations have been shown to be detrimental to the protein structure or 
      function and deserve further study and continuous monitoring.
FAU - Lin, Li-Yun
AU  - Lin LY
AD  - School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, 
      Chaozhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Huang, Hui-Ying
AU  - Huang HY
AD  - Department of Medical Laboratory, Chaozhou People's Hospital Affiliated to 
      Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of 
      China.
AD  - Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Liang, Xue-Yan
AU  - Liang XY
AD  - Department of Medical Laboratory, Huizhou Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, 
      People's Republic of China.
FAU - Xie, Dong-De
AU  - Xie DD
AD  - Department of Medical Laboratory, Foshan Second People's Hospital, Foshan, 
      Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
AD  - The Chinese Medical Aid Team To the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, Guangzhou, 
      Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Chen, Jiang-Tao
AU  - Chen JT
AD  - Department of Medical Laboratory, Huizhou Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, 
      People's Republic of China.
AD  - The Chinese Medical Aid Team To the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, Guangzhou, 
      Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Wei, Hua-Gui
AU  - Wei HG
AD  - School of Clinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 
      Baise, China.
FAU - Huang, Wei-Yi
AU  - Huang WY
AD  - School of Clinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 
      Baise, China.
FAU - Ehapo, Carlos Salas
AU  - Ehapo CS
AD  - Department of Medical Laboratory, Malabo Regional Hospital, Malabo, Equatorial 
      Guinea.
FAU - Eyi, Urbano Monsuy
AU  - Eyi UM
AD  - Department of Medical Laboratory, Malabo Regional Hospital, Malabo, Equatorial 
      Guinea.
FAU - Li, Jian
AU  - Li J
AD  - Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin 
      Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, People's Republic of 
      China.
AD  - Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 
      Shiyan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Wang, Jun-Li
AU  - Wang JL
AD  - School of Clinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 
      Baise, China.
FAU - Zheng, Yu-Zhong
AU  - Zheng YZ
AD  - School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, 
      Chaozhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Zha, Guang-Cai
AU  - Zha GC
AD  - School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, 
      Chaozhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Wang, Yu-Ling
AU  - Wang YL
AD  - School of Clinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 
      Baise, China.
FAU - Chen, Wei-Zhong
AU  - Chen WZ
AD  - Department of Medical Laboratory, Chaozhou People's Hospital Affiliated to 
      Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of 
      China.
AD  - Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Liu, Xiang-Zhi
AU  - Liu XZ
AD  - Department of Medical Laboratory, Chaozhou People's Hospital Affiliated to 
      Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of 
      China.
AD  - Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Mo, Huan-Tong
AU  - Mo HT
AD  - Department of Medical Laboratory, Chaozhou People's Hospital Affiliated to 
      Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of 
      China.
AD  - Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Chen, Xin-Yao
AU  - Chen XY
AD  - Department of Medical Laboratory, Chaozhou People's Hospital Affiliated to 
      Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of 
      China.
AD  - Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Lin, Min
AU  - Lin M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0025-6167
AD  - School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, 
      Chaozhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. konfutea@hotmail.com.
AD  - Department of Medical Laboratory, Chaozhou People's Hospital Affiliated to 
      Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of 
      China. konfutea@hotmail.com.
AD  - Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of 
      China. konfutea@hotmail.com.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2019-GDXK-0031/Key scientific research projects of Guangdong Provincial 
      Department of Education/
GR  - 2019JJD140052/Guangxi Key Research and Development Foundation/
GR  - AB18221029/Guangxi Key Research and Development Foundation/
GR  - CZK20200602/Special technology program of Chaozhou for novel coronavirus 
      infection control/
GR  - CZK20200603/Special technology program of Chaozhou for novel coronavirus 
      infection control/
GR  - 2020KZDZX1146/Special research project of Guangdong for Novel coronavirus 
      pneumonia epidemic prevention and contro/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210302
PL  - England
TA  - Malar J
JT  - Malaria journal
JID - 101139802
RN  - 0 (Epitopes)
RN  - 0 (Malaria Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (Protozoan Proteins)
RN  - 120300-02-9 (thrombospondin-related adhesive protein, protozoan)
SB  - IM
MH  - Epitopes
MH  - Equatorial Guinea/epidemiology
MH  - Gene Frequency
MH  - Genetic Variation
MH  - Haplotypes
MH  - Humans
MH  - Malaria Vaccines
MH  - Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology/immunology/*parasitology
MH  - Plasmodium falciparum/*genetics/immunology
MH  - Polymorphism, Genetic
MH  - Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/immunology
MH  - Selection, Genetic
PMC - PMC7922716
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bioko Island
OT  - Genetic diversity
OT  - Malaria
OT  - Natural selection
OT  - Plasmodium falciparum thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (PfTRAP)
OT  - Vaccine candidate
COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2021/03/04 06:00
MHDA- 2021/03/11 06:00
PMCR- 2021/03/02
CRDT- 2021/03/03 05:34
PHST- 2020/11/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/03/03 05:34 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/03/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/03/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/03/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12936-021-03664-8 [pii]
AID - 3664 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12936-021-03664-8 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Malar J. 2021 Mar 2;20(1):124. doi: 10.1186/s12936-021-03664-8.