PMID- 33669493
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210316
IS  - 2072-666X (Print)
IS  - 2072-666X (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-666X (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 2
DP  - 2021 Feb 19
TI  - Reliability of Neural Implants-Effective Method for Cleaning and Surface 
      Preparation of Ceramics.
LID - 10.3390/mi12020209 [doi]
LID - 209
AB  - Neural implants provide effective treatment and diagnosis options for diseases 
      where pharmaceutical therapies are missing or ineffective. These active 
      implantable medical devices (AIMDs) are designed to remain implanted and 
      functional over decades. A key factor for achieving reliability and longevity are 
      cleaning procedures used during manufacturing to prevent failures associated with 
      contaminations. The Implantable Devices Group (IDG) at University College London 
      (UCL) pioneered an approach which involved a cocktail of reagents described as 
      "Leslie's soup". This process proved to be successful but no extensive evaluation 
      of this method and the cocktail's ingredients have been reported so far. Our 
      study addressed this gap by a comprehensive analysis of the efficacy of this 
      cleaning method. Surface analysis techniques complemented adhesion strengths 
      methods to identify residues of contaminants like welding flux, solder residues 
      or grease during typical assembly processes. Quantitative data prove the 
      suitability of "Leslie's soup" for cleaning of ceramic components during active 
      implant assembly when residual ionic contaminations were removed by further 
      treatment with isopropanol and deionised water. Solder and flux contaminations 
      were removed without further mechanical cleaning. The adhesive strength of 
      screen-printed metalisation layers increased from 12.50 +/- 3.83 MPa without 
      initial cleaning to 21.71 +/- 1.85 MPa. We conclude that cleaning procedures during 
      manufacturing of AIMDs, especially the understanding of applicability and 
      limitations, is of central importance for their reliable and longevity.
FAU - Kiele, Patrick
AU  - Kiele P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0084-6634
AD  - Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems 
      Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
FAU - Hergesell, Jan
AU  - Hergesell J
AD  - Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems 
      Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
FAU - Buhler, Melanie
AU  - Buhler M
AD  - Electrochemical Energy Systems, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, 
      University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
AD  - Hahn-Schickard, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
FAU - Boretius, Tim
AU  - Boretius T
AD  - Neuroloop GmbH, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
FAU - Suaning, Gregg
AU  - Suaning G
AD  - School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, 
      Australia.
AD  - FRESCO Fellow, Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of 
      Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
FAU - Stieglitz, Thomas
AU  - Stieglitz T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7349-4254
AD  - Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems 
      Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
AD  - Bernstein Center Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany.
AD  - BrainLinks-BrainTools, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
LA  - eng
GR  - 16SV7656/Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210219
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Micromachines (Basel)
JT  - Micromachines
JID - 101640903
PMC - PMC7922903
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Leslie's soup
OT  - Teepol-L
OT  - ceramic
OT  - cleaning
OT  - contaminations
OT  - deionised (DI) water
OT  - flux
OT  - grease
OT  - isopropanol
OT  - solder
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2021/03/07 06:00
MHDA- 2021/03/07 06:01
PMCR- 2021/02/19
CRDT- 2021/03/06 01:05
PHST- 2021/01/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/02/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/03/06 01:05 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/03/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/03/07 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - mi12020209 [pii]
AID - micromachines-12-00209 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/mi12020209 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Micromachines (Basel). 2021 Feb 19;12(2):209. doi: 10.3390/mi12020209.