PMID- 33670289
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210426
LR  - 20210426
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 4
DP  - 2021 Feb 11
TI  - Prevalence of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Football Players: A 
      Novel Multi Football Clubs Cross Sectional Study.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph18041763 [doi]
LID - 1763
AB  - Sports offer great benefits, improving health and reducing the risk of illnesses. 
      This study's aim was to investigate the prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 
      diabetes mellitus in football players compared to population based non-elite 
      athlete control subjects. Initially 1100 male volunteers, (550) football players, 
      and (550) population based non-elite athlete control subjects were interviewed. 
      After socio-demographic and medical history analysis, 756 (378) nonsmoker male 
      football players and (378) nonsmoker male control subjects were recruited. The 
      control subjects were not involved in regular sports activities such as football, 
      volleyball, badminton, cricket, hockey, and swimming. Participants with a known 
      history of anemia, blood diseases, diabetes mellitus, and malignancy were 
      excluded from the study. The mean age of football players was 31.80 +/- 5.46 years, 
      Body Mass Index (BMI) was 26.40 +/- 2.08 (kg/m(2)), and the mean age of control 
      subjects was 32.32 +/- 4.37 years, and BMI was 26.66 +/- 1.87 (kg/m(2)). The selected 
      football players have been playing football for about 2 h a day, 3 days per week, 
      and so the total mean duration of playing football was 1.08 years. American 
      Diabetes Association (ADA) based criteria on Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) was used 
      to investigate prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In football players the 
      prevalence of prediabetes was 30 (7.93%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was 
      6 (1.59%) compared to population based matched non-elite athlete control subjects 
      where the prediabetes was 71 (18.78%) and T2DM was 89 (23.54%) (p = 0.001). Among 
      football players there was a 7-fold decrease in T2DM compared to control 
      subjects. Football recreational activities markedly reduce the prevalence of 
      prediabetes and T2DM. The study findings demonstrate the benefits of football and 
      other such sport activities and emphasize the urgent need for promoting football 
      based physical activities as a physiological preventive strategy against the 
      globally growing diabetes epidemic.
FAU - Meo, Sultan Ayoub
AU  - Meo SA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9820-1852
AD  - Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 
      11461, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Abukhalaf, Abdulelah Adnan
AU  - Abukhalaf AA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8194-0560
AD  - Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 
      11461, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alomar, Ali Abdullah
AU  - Alomar AA
AD  - Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 
      11461, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alessa, Omar Mohammed
AU  - Alessa OM
AD  - Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 
      11461, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Sumaya, Omar Yassin
AU  - Sumaya OY
AD  - Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 
      11461, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Meo, Anusha Sultan
AU  - Meo AS
AD  - Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi 
      051, Pakistan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210211
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
MH  - *Football
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Prediabetic State/epidemiology
MH  - Prevalence
PMC - PMC7918251
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - diabetes mellitus
OT  - football
OT  - prevalence
OT  - sports
COIS- The authors declare no competing financial interests.
EDAT- 2021/03/07 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/27 06:00
PMCR- 2021/02/01
CRDT- 2021/03/06 01:07
PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/01/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/03/06 01:07 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/03/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph18041763 [pii]
AID - ijerph-18-01763 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph18041763 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 11;18(4):1763. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph18041763.