PMID- 33670754
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210415
LR  - 20210415
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 4
DP  - 2021 Feb 18
TI  - The Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease.
LID - 10.3390/ijms22042022 [doi]
LID - 2022
AB  - Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. 
      Histopathologically, AD presents with two hallmarks: neurofibrillary tangles 
      (NFTs), and aggregates of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) both in the brain parenchyma as 
      neuritic plaques, and around blood vessels as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). 
      According to the vascular hypothesis of AD, vascular risk factors can result in 
      dysregulation of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and hypoxia. Hypoxia may reduce Abeta 
      clearance from the brain and increase its production, leading to both parenchymal 
      and vascular accumulation of Abeta. An increase in Abeta amplifies neuronal 
      dysfunction, NFT formation, and accelerates neurodegeneration, resulting in 
      dementia. In recent decades, therapeutic approaches have attempted to decrease 
      the levels of abnormal Abeta or tau levels in the AD brain. However, several of 
      these approaches have either been associated with an inappropriate immune 
      response triggering inflammation, or have failed to improve cognition. Here, we 
      review the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets associated with 
      dysfunction of the NVU in AD.
FAU - Soto-Rojas, Luis O
AU  - Soto-Rojas LO
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5013-3608
AD  - Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Mexico City 54090, Mexico.
FAU - Pacheco-Herrero, Mar
AU  - Pacheco-Herrero M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1983-0608
AD  - Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia 
      Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros 51000, Dominican 
      Republic.
FAU - Martinez-Gomez, Paola A
AU  - Martinez-Gomez PA
AD  - Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Mexico City 54090, Mexico.
FAU - Campa-Cordoba, B Berenice
AU  - Campa-Cordoba BB
AD  - Departamento de Fisiologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto 
      Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico.
AD  - National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, 
      Cuautitlan, UNAM, Mexico City 53150, Mexico.
FAU - Apatiga-Perez, Ricardo
AU  - Apatiga-Perez R
AD  - Departamento de Fisiologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto 
      Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico.
AD  - National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, 
      Cuautitlan, UNAM, Mexico City 53150, Mexico.
FAU - Villegas-Rojas, Marcos M
AU  - Villegas-Rojas MM
AD  - Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnologia del Instituto Politecnico 
      Nacional (UPIBI-IPN), Mexico City 07340, Mexico.
FAU - Harrington, Charles R
AU  - Harrington CR
AD  - School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, 
      Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
FAU - de la Cruz, Fidel
AU  - de la Cruz F
AD  - Departamento de Fisiologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto 
      Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico.
FAU - Garces-Ramirez, Linda
AU  - Garces-Ramirez L
AD  - Departamento de Fisiologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto 
      Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico.
FAU - Luna-Munoz, Jose
AU  - Luna-Munoz J
AD  - National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, 
      Cuautitlan, UNAM, Mexico City 53150, Mexico.
AD  - Banco Nacional de Cerebros-UNPHU, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Urena, 
      Santo Domingo 2796, Dominican Republic.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210218
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Amyloid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy/pathology/*physiopathology
MH  - Amyloid/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blood-Brain Barrier/pathology/physiopathology
MH  - Brain/*blood supply/pathology/*physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Targeted Therapy
PMC - PMC7922832
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alzheimer's disease
OT  - amyloid peptide
OT  - astrocytes
OT  - blood-brain barrier
OT  - microglia
OT  - tau protein
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/03/07 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/16 06:00
PMCR- 2021/02/18
CRDT- 2021/03/06 01:08
PHST- 2020/12/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/01/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/01/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/03/06 01:08 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/03/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms22042022 [pii]
AID - ijms-22-02022 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms22042022 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 18;22(4):2022. doi: 10.3390/ijms22042022.