PMID- 33671522
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210407
LR  - 20210407
IS  - 1420-3049 (Electronic)
IS  - 1420-3049 (Linking)
VI  - 26
IP  - 4
DP  - 2021 Feb 22
TI  - The Effects of New Zealand Grown Ginseng Fractions on Cytokine Production from 
      Human Monocytic THP-1 Cells.
LID - 10.3390/molecules26041158 [doi]
LID - 1158
AB  - Pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines are important 
      mediators that regulate the inflammatory response in inflammation-related 
      diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate different New Zealand (NZ)-grown 
      ginseng fractions on the productions of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory 
      cytokines in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Four NZ-grown ginseng fractions, 
      including total ginseng extract (TGE), non-ginsenoside fraction extract (NGE), 
      high-polar ginsenoside fraction extract (HPG), and less-polar ginsenoside 
      fraction extract (LPG), were prepared and the ginsenoside compositions of 
      extracts were analyzed by HPLC using 19 ginsenoside reference standards. The 
      THP-1 cells were pre-treated with different concentrations of TGE, NGE, HPG, and 
      LPG, and were then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The levels of 
      pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), 
      interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and 
      anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), and transforming 
      growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent 
      assay (ELISA). TGE at 400 microg/mL significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-alpha and 
      IL-6 productions. NGE did not show any effects on inflammatory secretion except 
      inhibited IL-6 production at a high dose. Furthermore, LPG displayed a stronger 
      effect than HPG on inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6) 
      productions. Particularly, 100 microg/mL LPG not only significantly inhibited the 
      production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6, but also 
      remarkably enhanced the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. NZ-grown 
      ginseng exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, which is mainly attributed 
      to ginsenoside fractions (particularly less-polar ginsenosides) rather than 
      non-saponin fractions.
FAU - Chen, Wei
AU  - Chen W
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7415-641X
AD  - School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, 
      New Zealand.
AD  - Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
AD  - Alpha-Massey Natural Nutraceutical Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston 
      North 4442, New Zealand.
FAU - Balan, Prabhu
AU  - Balan P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0540-1471
AD  - Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
AD  - Alpha-Massey Natural Nutraceutical Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston 
      North 4442, New Zealand.
FAU - Popovich, David G
AU  - Popovich DG
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8630-320X
AD  - School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, 
      New Zealand.
LA  - eng
GR  - RM18873/the Alpha-Massey Natural Nutraceutical Research Centre/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210222
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Molecules
JT  - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 100964009
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Ginsenosides)
RN  - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cytokines/analysis/*antagonists & inhibitors/biosynthesis
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Ginsenosides/chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lipopolysaccharides/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology
MH  - Panax/*chemistry
MH  - Plant Extracts/chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology
MH  - THP-1 Cells
PMC - PMC7926829
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - NZ-grown ginseng
OT  - Panax ginseng
OT  - anti-inflammatory
OT  - less-polar ginsenosides
OT  - pro-inflammatory
OT  - saponins
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/03/07 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/10 06:00
PMCR- 2021/02/22
CRDT- 2021/03/06 01:10
PHST- 2021/02/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/18 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/02/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/03/06 01:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/03/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molecules26041158 [pii]
AID - molecules-26-01158 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/molecules26041158 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Molecules. 2021 Feb 22;26(4):1158. doi: 10.3390/molecules26041158.