PMID- 33672067
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210310
IS  - 2304-8158 (Print)
IS  - 2304-8158 (Electronic)
IS  - 2304-8158 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 2
DP  - 2021 Feb 15
TI  - Pesticide Residues and Risk Assessment from Monitoring Programs in the Largest 
      Production Area of Leafy Vegetables in South Korea: A 15-Year Study.
LID - 10.3390/foods10020425 [doi]
LID - 425
AB  - Leafy vegetables are widely consumed in South Korea, especially in the form of 
      kimchi and namul (seasoned vegetables) and are used for wrapping meat. Therefore, 
      the management of pesticide residues in leafy vegetables is very important. A 
      total of 17,977 samples (49 leafy vegetables) were mainly collected in the 
      largest production area of leafy vegetables (Gwangju Metropolitan City and 
      Chonnam Province) in South Korea. They were analyzed within the government's 
      monitoring programs (Gwangju Metropolitan City) of pesticide residues between 
      2005 and 2019. Pesticide residues were found in 2815 samples (15.7%), and 426 
      samples (2.4%) from among these exceeded the specified maximum residue limits 
      (MRLs). Samples exceeding the MRLs were mostly detected in spinach, ssamchoo 
      (brassica lee ssp. namai), crown daisy, lettuce, and perilla leaves. 
      Azoxystrobin, dimethomorph, and procymidone were the most frequently detected 
      pesticides. However, procymidone, diniconazole, and lufenuron were found to most 
      frequently exceed the MRLs. The rate of MRLs exceeding has been managed below the 
      average (2.4%) more recently than in the past in this area. Further, leafy 
      vegetables with the most violations of the MRLs in our study in South Korea were 
      not harmful to health by a risk assessment (the range of the hazard index was 
      0.001-7.6%).
FAU - Park, Duck Woong
AU  - Park DW
AD  - Gakhwa Agricultural Products Inspection Center, Health and Environment Research 
      Institute of Gwangju, 260, Dongmun-daero, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61138, Korea.
FAU - Yang, Yong Shik
AU  - Yang YS
AD  - Gakhwa Agricultural Products Inspection Center, Health and Environment Research 
      Institute of Gwangju, 260, Dongmun-daero, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61138, Korea.
FAU - Lee, Yeong-Un
AU  - Lee YU
AD  - Gakhwa Agricultural Products Inspection Center, Health and Environment Research 
      Institute of Gwangju, 260, Dongmun-daero, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61138, Korea.
FAU - Han, Sue Ji
AU  - Han SJ
AD  - Gakhwa Agricultural Products Inspection Center, Health and Environment Research 
      Institute of Gwangju, 260, Dongmun-daero, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61138, Korea.
FAU - Kim, Hye Jin
AU  - Kim HJ
AD  - Gakhwa Agricultural Products Inspection Center, Health and Environment Research 
      Institute of Gwangju, 260, Dongmun-daero, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61138, Korea.
FAU - Kim, Sun-Hee
AU  - Kim SH
AD  - Seobu Agro-Fishery Products Inspection Center, Health and Environment Research 
      Institute of Gwangju, 16, Maewol 2-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju 62072, Korea.
FAU - Kim, Jong Pil
AU  - Kim JP
AD  - Seobu Agro-Fishery Products Inspection Center, Health and Environment Research 
      Institute of Gwangju, 16, Maewol 2-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju 62072, Korea.
FAU - Cho, Sun Ju
AU  - Cho SJ
AD  - Seobu Agro-Fishery Products Inspection Center, Health and Environment Research 
      Institute of Gwangju, 16, Maewol 2-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju 62072, Korea.
FAU - Lee, Davin
AU  - Lee D
AD  - Seobu Agro-Fishery Products Inspection Center, Health and Environment Research 
      Institute of Gwangju, 16, Maewol 2-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju 62072, Korea.
FAU - Song, Nanju
AU  - Song N
AD  - Seobu Agro-Fishery Products Inspection Center, Health and Environment Research 
      Institute of Gwangju, 16, Maewol 2-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju 62072, Korea.
FAU - Han, Yujin
AU  - Han Y
AD  - Seobu Agro-Fishery Products Inspection Center, Health and Environment Research 
      Institute of Gwangju, 16, Maewol 2-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju 62072, Korea.
FAU - Hee Kim, Hyo
AU  - Hee Kim H
AD  - Seobu Agro-Fishery Products Inspection Center, Health and Environment Research 
      Institute of Gwangju, 16, Maewol 2-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju 62072, Korea.
FAU - Cho, Bae-Sik
AU  - Cho BS
AD  - Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, 584, Mujin-daero, Seo-gu, 
      Gwangju 61954, Korea.
FAU - Chung, Jae Keun
AU  - Chung JK
AD  - Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, 584, Mujin-daero, Seo-gu, 
      Gwangju 61954, Korea.
FAU - Kim, Ae Gyeong
AU  - Kim AG
AD  - Gakhwa Agricultural Products Inspection Center, Health and Environment Research 
      Institute of Gwangju, 260, Dongmun-daero, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61138, Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210215
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Foods
JT  - Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101670569
PMC - PMC7919649
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - South Korea
OT  - azoxystrobin
OT  - leafy vegetable
OT  - pesticide residue
OT  - procymidone
OT  - risk assessment
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/03/07 06:00
MHDA- 2021/03/07 06:01
PMCR- 2021/02/15
CRDT- 2021/03/06 01:12
PHST- 2020/12/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/02/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/02/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/03/06 01:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/03/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/03/07 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/02/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - foods10020425 [pii]
AID - foods-10-00425 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/foods10020425 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Foods. 2021 Feb 15;10(2):425. doi: 10.3390/foods10020425.